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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the FEV1/FVC ratio in normal lungs?
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80%
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What is the FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive lungs?
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>80%
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What is the FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive lungs?
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<80%
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name the 5 physiologic causes of hypoxia
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1. right-to-left shunt
2. hypoventilation 3. decreased O2 inhaled (altitude) 4. V/Q mismatch 5. diffusion impairment |
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criteria for ARDS
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1. acute onset respiratory distress
2. PaO2/FiO2 ratio <200mmHg 3. bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on CXR 4. no evidence of cardiac origin (i.e. PCWP <18mmHg) |
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causes of cor pulmonale (pulmonary hypertension)
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1. hypoxia
2. hypercarbia 3. acidosis |
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dyspnea + tachycardia = what?
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PE, until proven otherwise
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most common locations for lung cancer mets
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1. bone
2. liver 3. adrenals 4. brain |
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most common cause of mitral stenosis
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rheumatic fever
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mitral stenosis leads to what lung pathology
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enlargement of left atrium --> pushes on left mainstem bronchus
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most common finding on CXR for sarcoidosis
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bilateral hilar adenopathy
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hyponatremia + pneumonia = ??
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Legionella
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treatment of choice for Legionella
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erythromycin/azithromycin (resistant to beta-lactams)
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blastomycosis occurs most in which region?
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great lakes region
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ulcerated skin lesions and lytic bone lesions + pneumonia = ??
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blastomycosis
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most common location for osteosarcoma
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distal femur
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what do you see on culture for Blastomycosis?
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broad-based budding yeast on sputum culture
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mobile cavitary lesion + intermittent hemoptysis = ??
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Aspergilloma
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most common cause of mitral stenosis and what lung problem does it cause?
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rheumatic fever; left atrium enlarges, pushes on left main stem bronchus
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most common finding on CXR for sarcoidosis
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bilateral hilar adenopathy
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pneumonia + hyponatremia = ??
and what is the treatment of choice? |
Legionella; erythromycin/azithromycin (resistant to beta-lactams)
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Blastomycosis occurs in which region of the country?
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Great Lakes-states
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in addition to pneumonia, what else can Blastomyocosis cause?
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ulcerated skin lesions, lytic bone lesions
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most likely location for osteosarcoma
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distal femur
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what do you see on sputum culture for Blastomycosis?
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broad-based budding yeast
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mobile cavitary lesion + intermittent hemoptysis = ??
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Aspergilloma
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prominent bronchioles on CXR is indicative of what?
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bronchiectasis
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most common inherited cause of bronchiectiasis
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CF
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asymptomatic pulmonary nodule and from Mississippi or Ohio River Valley?
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histoplasmosis
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two main types of COPD
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emphysema, chronic bronchitis
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what type of DLCO is associated with emphysema? chronic bronchitis?
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emphysema=decreased
chronic bronchitis=normal |
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bat droppings contain what commonly?
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histoplasmosis
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recurrent pneumonia in same anatomic region of the lung
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bronchial obstruction
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apical cavitary lesion
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M. tuberculosis
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5 physiological causes of hypoxia
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1. right-to-left shunt
2. hypoventilation 3. low O2 (i.e. altitude) 4. V/Q mismatch 5. diffusion impairment |
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most common locations for lung cancer metastasis
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1. bone
2. liver 3. adrenals 4. brain |
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name the criteria for ARDS
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1. acute onset respiratory distress
2. PaO2/FiO2 ratio <200mmHg 3. bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on CXR 4. no evidence of cardiac origin (i.e. PCWP <18mmHg) |
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3 physiological causes of pulmontary hypertension
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1. acidosis
2. hypoxia 3. hypercarbia |
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top 3 differentials for pulmonary hypertension
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1. left-sided heart failure --> right-sided heart failure
2. thromboembolemic disease 3. problems with lung parenchyma |
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dyspnea + tachycardia = ??
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PE until proven otherwise
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