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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gram - bacterial pneumonias
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Klebsiella
E. Coli H. flu Psedomonas |
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Predispositions to pneumonia
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1. Impaired Phagocytosis
2. Decreased bacterial clearing 3. Enhanced growth environment |
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The four phases of pneumonia infection
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1. Congestion & Dyspnea (bacterial proliferation)
2. Red Hepatization (increase PMN, RBC, fibrin, few macs) 3. Grey Hep (low PMN, high macs, fibring, RBCs breakdown) 4. Resolution (clearing) |
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Aspirated necrotizing substances cause?
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Lung Abscess
Unique b/c they can drain to the outside |
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What are the two inflamatory pathways leading to bronchiectasis
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1. Increase mucus levels creating chronic pneumonia and fibrosis
2. Bronchial wall destruction Both lead to dialated bronchi |
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The primary different between viral and bacterial pneumonia
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Bacteria P. form intra-avlevolar inflitrates of PMN
Viral P form interstitial lymph inflitrate of monocytes |
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Make up 20% of lung infections in kids and is exclusive to the bronchioles
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Respitory Syncytial Virus
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Rare infection in children has 40% fatality
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Adenovirus
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Cause 50% of infection after bone marrow, major cause of death in organ transplants and AIDS patients
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Cytomegalovirus
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Give three examples of non-necrotizing and necrotizing granulomatous pneumonias
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N-N: sarcoidosis, dust, fungal
Nec: TB, abnormal mycobacterial, Wegener's |
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Primary TB infection
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1. Ghon complex
2. Caseous necrosis 3. small foci fibros, caseous calcify 4. rarely disseminates |
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Secondary TB infection
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1. endog reactivation or exog bacteria
2. Occurs in upper lobe b/c higher O2 |
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symptoms of TB
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mid-afternoon fever, night sweat, weakness, loss of appetite. blood in sputom, cough and dyspnea possible
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Atypical mycobateria affecting AIDS patients
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M. Avium-Intracellular
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Atypyical mycobateria in hairy cell leukemia
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M. kanasaii
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non-coalescing, noncaseating granulomas with lymph cuffs
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Abnormal mycobacteria
(Sarcoidosis has coalescing granulomas with out lymph cuff) |
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Grow in sand of the SW
60% asymptomatic flu-like illness thick-wall, non ubdding spherule filled with endospores |
Coccidioidomycosis
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nosocomial
dichotomous 45 degree branching hyphae occurs in 40% of patients with leukemia |
Asperillosis
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Ohio-Mississippi Valley
From nestling starling bird droppings Similar to TB pathology roun oval yeast with narrow base |
Histoplasmosis
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From pigeon droppings
Granulomatous in regular patient massive multiplication in alveol and consolidation Dissemination common round oval yeast with unqeual budding (India ink stains |
Cryptococcosis
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large irregular non-parallel hyphae
angioinvasive, necrotizine, fungla balls common in leukemia |
Mucormycosis
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North America, uncertain source
Dissemination to skin common Solitaty disseas common, progressive possible yeast with broadpbased buds |
Blastomycosis
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Mixed suppurative and mononuclean response
not granulomatous pseudohyphae Typical in immunocomprimised |
Candidiasis
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Fungai with hyphae
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Aspergillosis
Mucormycosis Candidiasis (pseudo) |
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Fungia common with leukemia
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Aspergillosis
Mucormycosis |
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originally described in mallnourised children and patienst wit leukemia.
AIDS definining illness |
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP)
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