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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percentage of lung cancer occurs in smokers?
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87%
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genetics: small cell carcinoma
non small cell all lung carcinomas what do smokers lose? |
sm cell: myc, RB
non sm cell: p16, Ras all: p53 smokers lose chrom 3p in resp epithelium |
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What does idiopathic pulm neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia typically give rise to?
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carcinoid or sm cell carcinoma
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Where do most lung cancers occur?
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75% central
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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central, more common in men who smoke
60-90% have p53 mutation 15% have RB mutation grow rapidly, but metastasize late keratinization and intercellular bridges can be treated w surgery cells in fluid can have orange (keratin) |
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adenocarcinoma
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more common in women and nonsmokers, but still has an association with smoking
peripheral; Kras mutation (msotly in smokers) grows more slowly, but metastasizes quicker cells in fluid can have a drunken honeycomb appearance |
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Bronchioalveolar carcinoma
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carcinoma in situ for adenocarcinoma
can occur in a single nodule or diffusely (easy to miss on Xray) grows along the alveolar walls without invasion 25% survive 5 years may be mucinous or not |
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small cell carcinoma
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cannot be removed w surgery
cells look very dark very aggressive has p53, RB, c-myc, and BCL2 mutation tends to produce ectopic hormones 99% is in smokers neuroendocrine origin (Kulchitsky cells) |
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large cell carcinoma
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can't be anything else- poorly differentiated
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Red flag for lung cancer
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coughing (most common) w hemoptysis
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what is a common spot that lung cancer will metastasize to?
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adrenal glands
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Paraneoplastic syndromes assoc with small cell carcinoma
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SIADH (ADH)
hypocalcemia (calcitonin) carcinoid (seratonin) Cushing's (ACTH) |
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Paraneoplastic syndrome assoc with squamous cell carcinoma
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hypercalcemia (PTH)
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paraneoplastic syndrome assoc with all lung cancers
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gycnecomastia (gonadotrophin)
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Bronchial Carcinoid
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neuroendocrine origin
look similar to small cell, but have nesting patten 87% survival in M and F over 40 |
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What is the most common lung tumor?
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metastasis- occurs in multiples
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Mesothelioma
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assoc with asbestos; 1/3 are other causes
50% survive one year; 2 years is rare NO ADDITIONAL RISK W SMOKING grows from pleural space into lung tissue (like a rind) has poorly defined spindle cells; keratin stain can show that cells are from mesothelial lining asbestos exposure will leave fibrous plaques on lungs ferruginous bodies show asbestos |
