Pulmonary Neoplasia

Front 1

Most common cancer in the lung is ?

Back 1

metastatic

Front 2

Carcinoma means it originates from ___ layer

Back 2

epithelial

Front 3

Adenocarcinomas are generally found in the ___

Back 3

periphery

Front 4

90-95% of primary lung tumors are ____

Back 4

bronchogenic

Front 5

Cytology progression to carcinoma

Back 5

metaplasia -> atypia -> dysplasia -> carcinoma in situ -> carcinoma

Front 6

Conversion of columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium.

Back 6

metaplasia

Front 7

If it has cilia then it is not ____

Back 7

malignant

Front 8

Normal cell appearance in sputum

Back 8

ciliated cells, round, regular nuclei

Front 9

Denser chromatin and incrased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio

Back 9

dysplasia

Front 10

large nucleus w/ clumped chromatin and irregular border and large N/C ratio

Back 10

carcinoma

Front 11

Other factors that contribute to lung cancer

Back 11

radiation, metals, chemicals, and asbestos, scarring, air pollution, genetic factors

Front 12

Means it's arising from epithelium that has ability to create glands, squamous cells, and neuroendocrine features

Back 12

tumor heterogeneity

Front 13

Most common pulmonary neoplasm seen in men

Back 13

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 14

Squamous cell carcinoma is usually ____ located

Back 14

centrally

Front 15

Squamous cell carcinoma can resemble ____.

Back 15

TB

Front 16

Lung carcinoma spreads by four mechanisms:

Back 16

direct extension
through blood
through lymphatics
contiguous body surface extension

Front 17

Two histological features of SqCC.

Back 17

intracellular bridges and production of keratin

Front 18

Why do SqCC cells appear in sputum?

Back 18

lack of cohesion

Front 19

Adenocarcinoma occurs ___ frequently w/ smoking than SqCC.

Back 19

less

Front 20

General definition of adenocarcinoma.

Back 20

malignant cells forming glands

Front 21

Adenocarcinoma tends to occur more ____. (location)

Back 21

peripheral

Front 22

Adenocarcinomas tend to leave ___.

Back 22

scars

Front 23

Adenocarcinomas are ____ and ____ growing.

Back 23

smaller, slower

Front 24

Formation and proliferation of connective, seen w/ tumors.

Back 24

desmoplasia

Front 25

Any tumor that produces mucin is a _____.

Back 25

adenocarcinoma

Front 26

Histological appearance of adenomocarcinoma.

Back 26

big nucleolus, big cells, clump together and form glands, produce mucin, mircovillus border

Front 27

Often this is originally diagnosed but then later corrected to SqCC or adenocarcinoma.

Back 27

Large cell carcinoma

Front 28

Very aggresive, spreads beyond lung b/f symptoms.

Back 28

SmCC

Front 29

Strong relationship w/ smoking.

Back 29

SmCC

Front 30

Location of SmCC usually.

Back 30

centrally

Front 31

SmCC is AKA

Back 31

oat cell carcinoma

Front 32

SmCC is often associated w/ what feature?

Back 32

ectopic hormone production

Front 33

Histological appearance of SmCC.

Back 33

Sheets of cells w/ very little cytoplasm. Size similar to lymphocytes.

Front 34

Sputum appearance of SmCC.

Back 34

may look like degenerative nucleli and diagnosis may be missed

Front 35

EM of SmCC.

Back 35

little bit of cytoplasm w/ lot of neurosecretory granules

Front 36

Specific type of adenocarcinoma. Affects all ages, not associated w/ smoking.

Back 36

bronchioalveolar carcinoma

Front 37

Distinguishing feature of BAC

Back 37

normal alveoli w/ columnar epithelium

Front 38

BAC arise in ____ region and mimics ____.

Back 38

bronchioalveolar, pneumonia

Front 39

Carcinoid tumors in lung are locally ____.

Back 39

invasive (can spread by direct extension)

Front 40

Morphology of bronchial carcinoid.

Back 40

nests of cells w/ similar nuclei, NO CELL BORDERS

Front 41

Another name for bronchial carcinoid is?

Back 41

bronchial adenoma

Front 42

Malignant features of B. carcinoid?

Back 42

necrosis and perineural invasoin

Front 43

Neuroendocrine tumors produce a variety of ____

Back 43

peptides

Front 44

Possible peptides produced by a neuroendocrine tumor

Back 44

ACTH - causing Cushing's syng
ADH - causing hyponatremia

Front 45

Normal tissue appearing in a disorganized fashion in common location.

Back 45

hamartoma AKA chondroma b/c it's mainly cartilage in lung

Front 46

Hamartomas are ____ to cut out, with ____ chance of malignancy.

Back 46

easy, no

Front 47

Laryngeal tumors are often related to ____.

Back 47

viruses (HPV in children)

Front 48

Organ w/ highest incidence of hematogenous metastasis.

Back 48

lung

Front 49

____ _____ are caused by asbestos fibers.

Back 49

Malignant mesothelioma

Front 50

Benign mesotheliomas look like ____.

Back 50

collagen (no cells)

Front 51

Tumor develops in superior sulcus that spreads past the ribs into neck affecting the sympathetics.

Back 51

Pancoast tumor