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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
4 major types of lung cancer
1)adenocarcinoma 1/3
2)squamous cell 1/3
3)small cell 1/4
4)large cell 1/5
hASSLe lung cancer is a hASSLe
which cancers are found peripherally in lung
adenocarcinoma and large cell
Which cancers are found centrally in lung?
squamous cell and small cell
central lesions (S-S-Sentral)
Adenocarcinoma
peripheral, found incidentally, metastasizes early to CNS, adrenals, bones
bronchoalveolar carcinoma
variant of which type of lung cancer?
assoc w what in lungs/
variant of adenocarcinoma
assoc w pulmonary scars
least assoc w smoking
if severe, CXR looks like ARDS
Squamous cell
does not metastasize early
usu central/hilar w local extension, usu obstructive sx
most likely to cavitate
Small cell (Oat cell)
very aggressive, 80% mets at time of diagnosis
SIADH
ectopic ACTH production
Eaton-Lambert (myasthenic) syn
Large cell
peripheral,
mets to CNS and mediastinum (hoaseness or SVC syn)
Lung cancers w asbestos exposure:
squamous, adeno, mesothelioma
hypercalcemia is associated with which types of lung cancer(s)
MC squamous (sca++mous)
less often in large cell
SIADH
ACTH production
Eaton Lambert syn
assoc w which type of lung cancer?
assoc w small cell lung cancer
Gynecomastia is assoc w which type of lung cancer
large cell
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy HPO
assoc w adeno, but can see in squamous and large cell also
clubbing, new bone formation on long bones appear dense on xrays. painful ankles
Diagnosis of lung cancer/workup
labs cbc ca bili lfts, alk phos
f/u labs w appropriate scan
bx scalene node (90% yield)
then bx cancer: bronch usu or mediastinoscopy or ant mediastinotomy if in aortopulmonary window
SVC syndrome etiology
75-85% bronchogenic cancer esp small cell
other cases usu lymphoma
rarely from aortic aneurysm
also mediastinal fibrotic processes: histo, TB, drugs such as methysergide
Mediastinal masses
anterior
1 thymoma 2 thyroid tumor 3parathyroid tumor 4teratoma 5lipoma 6aortic aneurysm 7lymphoma 8thymus 9endocrine tumors
Mediastinal masses middle
1. lymphoma
2. cysts
3. lymphadenopathy
4. aortic aneurysm
5. hernia
Mediastinal masses posterior
1. neurogenic tumors
2. gastroenteric cysts
3. esophageal lesions
4. aortic aneurysms
5. hernia
Primary mediastinal tumors
20% cysts
20% neurogenic tumors
20% thymomas
10% lymphomas
10% teratomas
20% misc
BAL results:
<1% neuts
<16% lymphs
no eos
normal
BAL results;
Increased neuts
IPF, collagen vasc dx
asbestosis
suppurative infections
Wegeners
AIDS
BAL results:
Increased lymphs
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
sarcoidosis
BAL results:
Increased eos
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
some ARDS
BAL results:
"Foamy" changes w lamellar inclusions
Amiodarone induced disease
BAL results:
hyperplastic and atypical type II pneumocytes
cytotoxic lung injury
BAL results:
bloody w large amt of hemosiderin in alveolar macros
diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
BAL results:
Langerhans cells
eosinophilic granulomatosis (histiocytic X)
BAL results:
Turbid, PAS-positive material
alveolar proteinosis
BAL results;
diagnosis of specific types of pneumonias and other infectious dx
95% specific for PCP in AIDs
CMV pneumonia (inclusion bodies)
Disseminated TB or fungal
diagnosing pneumonia in ARDS pts