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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
4 major types of lung cancer
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1)adenocarcinoma 1/3
2)squamous cell 1/3 3)small cell 1/4 4)large cell 1/5 |
hASSLe lung cancer is a hASSLe
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which cancers are found peripherally in lung
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adenocarcinoma and large cell
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Which cancers are found centrally in lung?
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squamous cell and small cell
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central lesions (S-S-Sentral)
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Adenocarcinoma
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peripheral, found incidentally, metastasizes early to CNS, adrenals, bones
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bronchoalveolar carcinoma
variant of which type of lung cancer? assoc w what in lungs/ |
variant of adenocarcinoma
assoc w pulmonary scars least assoc w smoking if severe, CXR looks like ARDS |
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Squamous cell
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does not metastasize early
usu central/hilar w local extension, usu obstructive sx most likely to cavitate |
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Small cell (Oat cell)
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very aggressive, 80% mets at time of diagnosis
SIADH ectopic ACTH production Eaton-Lambert (myasthenic) syn |
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Large cell
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peripheral,
mets to CNS and mediastinum (hoaseness or SVC syn) |
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Lung cancers w asbestos exposure:
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squamous, adeno, mesothelioma
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hypercalcemia is associated with which types of lung cancer(s)
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MC squamous (sca++mous)
less often in large cell |
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SIADH
ACTH production Eaton Lambert syn assoc w which type of lung cancer? |
assoc w small cell lung cancer
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Gynecomastia is assoc w which type of lung cancer
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large cell
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hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy HPO
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assoc w adeno, but can see in squamous and large cell also
clubbing, new bone formation on long bones appear dense on xrays. painful ankles |
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Diagnosis of lung cancer/workup
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labs cbc ca bili lfts, alk phos
f/u labs w appropriate scan bx scalene node (90% yield) then bx cancer: bronch usu or mediastinoscopy or ant mediastinotomy if in aortopulmonary window |
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SVC syndrome etiology
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75-85% bronchogenic cancer esp small cell
other cases usu lymphoma rarely from aortic aneurysm also mediastinal fibrotic processes: histo, TB, drugs such as methysergide |
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Mediastinal masses
anterior |
1 thymoma 2 thyroid tumor 3parathyroid tumor 4teratoma 5lipoma 6aortic aneurysm 7lymphoma 8thymus 9endocrine tumors
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Mediastinal masses middle
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1. lymphoma
2. cysts 3. lymphadenopathy 4. aortic aneurysm 5. hernia |
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Mediastinal masses posterior
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1. neurogenic tumors
2. gastroenteric cysts 3. esophageal lesions 4. aortic aneurysms 5. hernia |
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Primary mediastinal tumors
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20% cysts
20% neurogenic tumors 20% thymomas 10% lymphomas 10% teratomas 20% misc |
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BAL results:
<1% neuts <16% lymphs no eos |
normal
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BAL results;
Increased neuts |
IPF, collagen vasc dx
asbestosis suppurative infections Wegeners AIDS |
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BAL results:
Increased lymphs |
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
sarcoidosis |
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BAL results:
Increased eos |
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
some ARDS |
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BAL results:
"Foamy" changes w lamellar inclusions |
Amiodarone induced disease
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BAL results:
hyperplastic and atypical type II pneumocytes |
cytotoxic lung injury
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BAL results:
bloody w large amt of hemosiderin in alveolar macros |
diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
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BAL results:
Langerhans cells |
eosinophilic granulomatosis (histiocytic X)
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BAL results:
Turbid, PAS-positive material |
alveolar proteinosis
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BAL results;
diagnosis of specific types of pneumonias and other infectious dx |
95% specific for PCP in AIDs
CMV pneumonia (inclusion bodies) Disseminated TB or fungal diagnosing pneumonia in ARDS pts |
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