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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bronchiolitis obliterans |
Adenovirus pneumonia |
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Kartageners mutation |
Dynein arm of cilia |
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Ingestion with pneumatoceles on CXR |
Hydrocarbon aspiration |
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Asthma predictive index |
Wheeze <3 1 major: - parental asthma - dx of eczema/atopic dermatitis 2 minor: - dx of allergic rhinitis - wheezing w/o cold - 4% eosinophils in CBC |
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Rectal prolapse, hyponatremia |
CF |
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Cough, exploratory wheeze, unlabored breathing, decreased breath sounds. Infant. |
Foreign body aspiration, dx c airway fluoroscopy |
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Recurrent wheeze and dyspnea with feeds or neck flexion |
Vascular rings and other compression. Dx c barium swallow |
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Flushing, agitation, headache |
Cerebral vasodilation 2/2 hypercarbia |
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Cyanosis, depressed sensorium |
Hypoxia |
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Headaches, joint pain, clots/emboli, hemoptysis |
Polycythemia, consider Heinrich hypoxia |
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Management of acute exacerbation of chronic hypoxia |
Minimal oxygen; hypoxia is respiratory drive |
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Methemoglobinemia |
Iron in hgb unable to carry oxygen. Cyanosis w/o heart dz Tx c I've methylen blue |
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Cough on command, disappears with sleep |
Psychogenic cough. Brassy barking or honking. |
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Chronic cough work up |
TB skin test, CXR, swear chloride. Then spirometry if >6 yrs |
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Abnormal sweat test |
>60mEq. 40-60 is borderline. |
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CF findings on dx |
Low protein, hypochloremic alkalosis, anemia, steatorrhea. unconjugated hyperbili and meconium peritonitis neonatally. |
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Polyhydramnios, ground glass and pseudocyst on KUB |
meconium ileus and peritonitis (CF) |
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Causes of bronchiectasis |
Dyskinesia Immunodeficiency and infection Lobar pneumonia Aspergillosis and A vaccine preventable dz TB Extrinsic compression |
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Bronchiolitis in fall, 3 wks to 1 yr |
RSV |
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Bronchiolitis late fall to spring, 3 wks to 1 yr |
Paraflu |
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Pneumonia 3 wks to 1 yr. interstitial infiltrates, afebrile |
Chlamydia |
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URI, then fever and productive cough, abd pain and emesis |
S pneumo pneumonia |
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Low fever, insidious, diffuse infiltrates |
Mycoplasma pneumonia |
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Necrotizing pneumonia |
Bacterial toxins. Necrosis and liquification. Dxd on CXR. Tx c Vanco or clinda |
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Decreased air movement and dullness on percussion with ill symptoms |
Effusion. No surgical drainage. |
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"Recurrent pneumonia" |
Asthma with atelectasis on CXR.
Unless multiple positive CXRs (2/yr or >3 total) w/o sx in between |
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Percy's excavatum effects on lung fxn |
None |
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Chylothorax |
Similar lytes to serum. TG >110, high lymphs, protein >3. Post op cardiac surgery common. |
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Transudate |
pH >7.45 or >blood. LDH <2/3 serum. Protein <3 g/dL
CHF |
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Exudate |
pH <7.3, LDH >2/3 serum, protein > 3 g/dL |
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Pneumonia improved initially and then stagnates |
Empyema |
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Tachypnea, tachycardia, unilateral decreased breath sounds. |
Pneumothorax |
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Respiratory deterioration while intubated |
Tension pneumo Oxygen source interruption Moved ET tube Broken equipment |
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Tall, thin, spontaneous pneumothorax |
Marijuana use |
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Bronchiectasis |
Permanent dilation and inflammation of small segment of airway. Most common cause CF. Dx c CT |
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Recurrent lower respiratory infants with atelectasis and cough worse with position change |
Bronchiectasis |
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Causes of hemoptysis |
1 infection (pneumonia, TB) 2 CF (bronchiectasis) 3 foreign body aspiration 4 hemosiderosis |
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Causes of methemoglobinemia |
Well water, topical anesthetics, nitric oxide, gastroenteritis |
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Anemia and respiratory infections. |
Hemosiderosis Dx with lavage, hemosideren macrophages Tx c steroids |
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Exercise induced dyspnea unresponsive to albuterol |
Vocal cord dysfunction. Dx with laryngoscopy of cords c paradoxical motion. Tx c speech therapy. |
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Bronchopulmonary sequestration |
Portion. Lung tissue disconnected from bronchial tree c separate blood supply. Hyperdense cystic region on CXR, asymptomatic |
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MCC of cold? |
Rhinovirus, in pts with abd without asthma |
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Tx of exercise induced bronchospasm? |
Beta 2 agonists. Pre exercise warm up at 60-80% max HR |
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Criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome |
Respiratory failure PaO2/FiO2 < 200 Bilateral pulm infiltrates Non cardiac cause of pulm edema |
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Pathogenesis of ARDS |
Breakdown of alveolar pulmonary capillary barrier causes leakage of proteinaceous fluid into lungs causing VQ mismatch from decreased compliance and alveolar collapse |
