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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pa02 or pO2
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80-100 mm Hg
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SaO2 or sO2
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97-100%
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PCO2
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35-45 mm Hg
Respiratory |
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HCO3
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22-26
Metabolic |
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Respiratory acidosis
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PH low, PCO2 high
hypoventilation-shallow breathing CO2 retention Kidneys compensate by holding on to HCO3 |
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Respiratory alkalosis
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PH high, PCO2 low
hyperventilation...too much CO2 blown off Kidneys compensate by excreting HCO3 |
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Metabolic acidosis
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PH low, HCO3 low
Ketoacidosis-accumulation of acids Lungs compensate by hyperventilating ..blowing off CO2 |
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Metabolic alkalosis
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PH high, HCO3 high
accumulation of HCO3 Lungs compensate by hypventilation |
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Hypoventilation AKA bradypnea
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less than 16 breaths per minute.
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Hyperventilation AKA tachypena
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more than 20 breaths per minute.
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Hyperpnea
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increased depth of repsirations
EX. Kussmaul respirations |
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Hypopnea
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Shallow breathing
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Apnea
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no respirations at all
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Cheyne-strokes
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irregular breathing seen in some comatose patients
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Hemoptysis
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coughing up of blood
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Hypoxemia
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reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
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Lower than normal V/Q
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caused by less ventilation
ex...collapsed lung |
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Higher than nomral V/Q
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less perfusion
ex...pulmonary embolus |
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Restrictive lung diseases
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Inhalation problems
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chest wall restriction
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deformed...kyphosis
obese neuromuscular |
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Acute epiglottis
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inflammation of epiglottis
inspiratory stridor drooling |
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pleural effusion
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extra fluid in pleural space..pain upon deep breaths
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Pneumothorax
open and closed |
presence of air in pleural space....disrutption of negative normal pressure.
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Pulmonary fibrosis
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excessive amount of fibrous connective tissue caused by scarring.
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Pneumonia
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acute infection of the lower respiratory tract by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
infiltrates accumulate in alveoli..infiltrates cause atelectasis when portions of lung tissue collapse. |
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Tuberculosis
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sealed off portions of bacteria
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Obstructive lung diseases
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asthma,bronchitis, emphysema, copd, and systic fibrosis
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