Pulmonary

Front 1

Ventilation

Back 1

movement of gases (air ) in and out . Requires a patent airway and intact neuromuscular function

Front 2

Perfussion

Back 2

blood flow through the alveolar capillaries with adequate amounts of free globins. Requires intact circulation, adequate blood volume and pressure

Front 3

Diffusion

Back 3

exchange of gases across the alveolar membrane. Requires surfactant, oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and a normal membrane surface. (ie..no edema or scarring)

Front 4

Components of Ventilation

Back 4

Conduction airways, cartilage, goblet cells (mucus production) and ciliated epithelial cells ( Mucocilliray escalator)

Front 5

Components of the upper airway

Back 5

Nares Turbuinates: 3 tissue protrussion that create turbulence in the airflow for rapid warming filtration and humidity.
Nasopharynx: lined with hair and cilia for filtration
Frontal Sinus: air filled bony space connect to NP an give resonance to the voice.
Maxillary Sinuses
Ethmoid Sinuses
Larynx: vocal cords, purpose= speech
Epiglottis: Controlled by laryngeal muscles, flap of soft tissue that protects and trachea when swallowing to prevent aspiration.

Front 6

Lower Airways

Back 6

contain both conduction airways and exchange airways.

Front 7

Exchange airways

Back 7

The acinus is the functional unit of the lung. Each acinus includes the terminal bronchioles, the alveolar duct and alveolus. all are thin walled and have many macrophages

Front 8

Pleura

Back 8

Bi layered membrane that lines the chest. Normally the pleural space is just a potiental space. It has negative pressure to assist the lungs wih recoil

Front 9

Visceral Pleura

Back 9

lines the lungs

Front 10

Broncial Circulation

Back 10

Not related to gas exchange, supplies Nutrients to conducting airways , large pulonary vessel and membranes, and supports the lung structure itself.

Front 11

Pulmonary Circulation

Back 11

facilitates gas exchangem delivers nutrients to the lung tissues, acts as a reservoir for the left ventricle, and serves as a filtering system that removes clotes, air and other debris form circulation

Front 12

Bohr Effect

Back 12

the shift in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve caused by changed in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the blood

Front 13

Surface Tension

Back 13

liquids that re expose to air will tend to stick together (beads of water on a counter) The smoother the surface the more the liquids will bead

Front 14

Law of LaPalace AKA balloon law

Back 14

In the alveoli surface tension makes expansion difficult ... The smaller the spear the more pressure is needed to inflate it.

Front 15

Surfactant

Back 15

Lipoprotein, manufactured by the alveolar cells that decrease surface tension (soapy substance)

Front 16

Ventilation

Back 16

The distribution of air

Front 17

perfusion

Back 17

Blood flow- Blood flow to alveoli with no air flow do no good

Front 18

Hilum

Back 18

The right and left bronchi enter the lungs at the hila of the lung. Along with pulmonary pulmonary blood and lymphatic vessels

Front 19

Tidal Volume

Back 19

amount of gas inspired and expired during normal breathing

Front 20

Right Shift

Back 20

oxygen doesn't want to bind to hgb and readily falls off. So all oxygen is carried to the tissues

Front 21

Symptoms of R shift

Back 21

Fever, Hypercapnea, Acidosis

Front 22

pneumonia

Back 22

Lower resp. tract infections effecting the exchange airways

Front 23

Atelectasis

Back 23

Collapse / consolidation of tissue.
commonly occurs after surgery due to increase in oxygen and inhaled anesthesia which breaks down surfactant

Front 24

Treatment for atelectasis

Back 24

Prevention, early ambulation, upright position, yawn, incentive spirometer-if used correctly

Front 25

Risk Factor for SIDS

Back 25

Maternal Smoking, prone sleeping, low birth weight

Front 26

Croup

Back 26

Viral infection Symptoms: barking cough, pre school age

Front 27

Treatment for Coup

Back 27

moist air

Front 28

COPD

Back 28

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma

Front 29

Symptoms of COPD

Back 29

wheezing, dyspnea, V/Q mismatch,

Front 30

TX COPD

Back 30

Bronchiodilators, steroids, anti inflammatories

*the goal is the slow the progression

Front 31

V/Q

Back 31

Ventilation and perfussion

Front 32

V/Q ratio

Back 32

.8

Front 33

High V/Q

Back 33

Pulmonary Embolus
Normal ventilation, decreased Perfusion

Front 34

low V/Q

Back 34

Normal Perfusion and high ventilation

atelectasis, pneumonia, aspiration, foreign body

Front 35

L Shift

Back 35

oxygen bind to Hgb but won let go. Good O2 sats but dying on a cellular level

Front 36

Things that cause a left shift

Back 36

hypothermia, alkalosis, low Pa Co2, hyperventilation, CO poisoning

Front 37

Aspiration

Back 37

Most common in the RLL

Front 38

Bronchiolitis

Back 38

Viral
Infant, RSV- main cause- feeding becomes an issue, vaccination is available for at risk babies