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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When someone who is popular, but not an expert, urges the acceptance of an idea or a product.
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Appeal to Authority
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Claims that depend on what we don't know.
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Appeal to Ignorance
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1. The claim or proposition you advance
2. The relevant evidence that you provide in support of that claim 3. The reasoning pattern that you use to connect the evidence with the claim |
Argument
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Process of advancing claims supported by good reasons and allowing others tot test those claims and reasons or offer counter arguments.
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Argumentation
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Assumes that if everyone else is doing something, that you should to.
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Bandwagon Fallacy
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Rephrasing an idea and then offering it as it's own reason.
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Begging the Question
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Propositions
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Claims
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Assert that something is, or is not, the case.
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Claims of Fact
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A claim about the intrinsic worth or belief or action in question.
Good vs. Bad |
Claim of Value
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A flaw in the rational properties of an argument or an inference.
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Fallacy
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Occurs when someone assumes that the only true understanding of an idea is to be found in it's origins, either literally or metaphorically.
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Genetic Fallacy
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A claim made on the basis of too little evidence.
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Hasty Generalization
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The general label for attacks on people, instead of their arguments.
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Name-calling
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Habitual ways in which a culture or society uses inferences to connect what is accepted to what it is being urged to accept.
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Patterns of Reasoning
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Arguments presented first set the agenda for what is to follow.
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Primary-recency effects
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Inference: a process of connecting something that is known or believed to a concept or idea that you wish others to accept.
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Reasoning
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Associated events that come before with events that follow
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Reasoning from Cause
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Examining a series of examples of known occurrences and drawing general conclusion.
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Reasoning from Examples
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Applying a general truth to a specific situation
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Reasoning from Generalization
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Involves thinking solely in terms of similar things and events.
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Reasoning from Parallel Case
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Using an observable mark or sign as proof for the existence of a state of affairs.
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Reasoning from Sign
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The assumption that if one event follows another, the first event must have caused the second.
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Sequential Fallacy
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Recommends a course of action that you want an audience to approve.
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Claim of Policy
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