Public Speaking Flashcards Test 3

Front 1

What are the 6 advantages of having presentation aids?

Back 1

Increase Understanding
Make your speech more memorable
establish authemticity of your words
enhance credibillity
improve your delivery skills
add variety and interest to speech

Front 2

What are 6 disadvantages of presentation aids?

Back 2

Distract listeners
distract speakers
reduce eye contact
damage your credibility
takes time to prepare
depends on equipment availability

Front 3

What are the 5 most frequently used presentation aids?

Back 3

people
objects
models
graphics
pictures

Front 4

What are some characteristics of an effective object for a visual presentation aid?

Back 4

It should be portable and easy for listeners to see.

Front 5

What should presenters keep in mind when using models for their presentation?

Back 5

Should be constructed to scale, but large enough for audience to see.

Front 6

Give some examples of graphics.

Back 6

sketches
maps
graphs
charts
textual materials

Front 7

Identify three types of graphs that make material easy for the audience to understand.

Back 7

Pie graph
bar graph
Line graph

Front 8

What is the purpose of charts.

Back 8

A chart provides summaries of relationships that are not already visible.

Front 9

This type of chart show the steps in a process.

Back 9

Flow chart

Front 10

This is a visual that contains words, phrases, or numbers.

Back 10

Textual graphics

Front 11

What are some frequently used textual graphics?

Back 11

Bulleted lists and acronyms.

Front 12

What are the 7 types of presentation media?

Back 12

flip charts
posters
handouts
chalk or marker boards
transparencies and slides
Videos, MP3, etc
Computer assisted presentations

Front 13

Define flip chart

Back 13

A large unlined tablet that is placed on an easel so that each page can be flipped over the top when it's full.

Front 14

When can handouts be useful?

Back 14

Complex subject or a lot of statistical information.

Front 15

What are computer-assisted presentations and when should they be used?

Back 15

They are presentations that use commercial presentation software to join audio, visual, textual, graphic, and animated components.

Front 16

What are some ways that people misuse powerpoints?

Back 16

Read slides verbatim, make font too small, write in complete sentences, use sounds, use text graphics, poor color choices, use complex diagrams

Front 17

How can one prevent PowerPoint misuse?

Back 17

Make sure slides are easy to read
Don't put entire outline on PP
Don't rely on PP by substituting it for your speech
Keep slides simple
Use bullets
Simple Charts
Avoid being extra with visual and audio effects

Front 18

What are the principles of design?

Back 18

Balance, Emphasis, Visibility, and Simplicity (BEVS)

Front 19

Define analogous color scheme

Back 19

Uses colors adjacent on the color wheel. Suggests differences and close relationships among components.

Front 20

Describe some effects of using color in presentation aids.

Back 20

Can enhance meaning, can create moods and impressions.

Front 21

Define a complementary color scheme.

Back 21

Uses colors that are opposites on the color wheel. Suggest tension and opposition.

Front 22

Define a monochromatic color scheme

Back 22

Uses a variation of a single color. Conveys the idea of variety within unity.

Front 23

List the Dos of using presentation aids.

Back 23

1) Practice using your aid
2) Stand to the side of your aid
3) Display aids only when referring to them
4) Point to what is important
5) Maintain eye contact with audience
6) Distribute handouts after speech
7) Limit the number of aids in your speech.

Front 24

What are 5 guidelines to avoid unethical use of presentation aids.

Back 24

1) No misleading graphs or charts
2) DOn't manipulate visual images
3) Don't alter an image to reveal a deeper truth
4) If you do number then make sure you let the audience know.
4) Cite the source of your information on the aid
5) As a listener be aware.

Front 25

Identify three reasons that language is one of the most important skills.

Back 25

1)Most of us think in words which shapes the way we think.
2) Language is the basis of all social interactions
3) Words determine what and how we think about ourselves

Front 26

What advantages does spoken word have over written word?

Back 26

1) It is more spontaneous
2) It is more colorful and intense
3) It is more interactive and engaging
4) It offers constraints and opportunities.
5) Has power to influence listeners

Front 27

In what ways can spoken word influence listeners?

Back 27

1) It can influence how listeners see subjects
2) How they feel about a subject
3) How listeners identify with one another
4) Can influence how listeners act

Front 28

What are some obstacles speakers must overcome when trying to awaken listener feelings?

Back 28

1) Time
2) Distance
3) Apathy

Front 29

Identify two types of meaning and define them.

Back 29

Connotative- the emotional, subjective, personal meaning that certain words evoke in listeners.
Denotative- the dictionary definition

Front 30

What is jargon and how can it impair clarity?

Back 30

Jargon- technical language specific to a professions. It impairs clarity because audience may not understand the language.

Front 31

Define euphemism

Back 31

efforts to evade and obscure the truth

Front 32

Define doublespeak

Back 32

using words that point in the direction opposite from the reality they should be describing. (marital discord, downsizing, collateral damage, making a salary adjustment)

Front 33

Define amplification and how it can help improve clarity.

Back 33

The art of developing ideas by finding ways to restate them in a speech.

Front 34

What are the 6 C's of Effective Language Use.

Back 34

Clarity
Concreteness
Color
Correctness
Conciseness
Cultural sensitivity

Front 35

Define malapropisms and what part of effective language use does it affect?

Back 35

Language errors that occur when a word is confused with another word that sounds like it. It affects correctness.

Front 36

How can you achieve conciseness?

Back 36

Using maxisms which are brief and apt sayings.

Front 37

This is a type of style that deals with identifying and understanding the special techniques used to magnify the power of language.

Back 37

rhetorical style

Front 38

What are three categories of techniques that are useful for public speaking?

Back 38

figurative language, order of words, and sound of words

Front 39

Define figurative language and give some examples.

Back 39

Uses words in surprising and unusual ways that magnifies the power of language. Examples: metaphor, similes, personification, culture-types, and ideographs

Front 40

Define enduring metaphor

Back 40

metaphors of unusual popularity and power that are based on experience that lasts across time and crosses many cultural boundaries.

Front 41

Give 3 examples of enduring metaphors.

Back 41

light and darkness, storm and sea, the family

Front 42

Define a simile.

Back 42

Compares something abstract to something concrete

Front 43

Define culturetypes

Back 43

terms that express the values and goals of a group's culture.

Front 44

This is a compact expression of a group's basic political faith. Uses words such a freedom, demorcracy, and liberty.

Back 44

Ideographs

Front 45

What are three methods used to change the order of words?

Back 45

antithesis, inversion, and parallel construction.

Front 46

Define antithesis

Back 46

arranges different opposing ideas in the same or adjoining sentences to create a contrast.

Front 47

Define inversion

Back 47

Reverses the expected order of words in a phrase to make a statement more memorable.

Front 48

Define parallel construction

Back 48

Repetition of words/phrases at the beginning or end of sentences.

Front 49

What are two ways that you can change or emphasize the sound of words?

Back 49

Alliteration and onomatopoeia

Front 50

Define alliteration

Back 50

Repetition of initial sounds in closely connected words.

Front 51

Define onomatopoeia

Back 51

Words that imitate natural sounds

Front 52

Define integrated communication

Back 52

Using body, voice, and language to create an effective presentation.

Front 53

What are some characteristics of presenting an effective presentation.

Back 53

Should be natural, conversational, and a good attitude.

Front 54

What is the most effective type of conversational style? Define it.

Back 54

Expanded conversational style- a direct and spontaneous style of communication

Front 55

Define immediacy and how can it be encouraged?

Back 55

a closeness between listeners and speakers. Speakers can encourage this by limiting the actual distance between speaker and listener.

Front 56

Define pitch and describe the differences between habitual and optimum pitch.

Back 56

Pitch is the placement of your voice on the musical scale. Habitual pitch is the level you normally speak at while optimum pitch is the level you can produce the strongest voice with minimal effort.

Front 57

How do rate and rhythm relate?

Back 57

Rate is the speed you speak while rhythm is those rate patterns within a speech.

Front 58

Define vocal distractions.

Back 58

Using replacements sounds between pauses (err, umm)

Front 59

What are five categories in which you can develop your voice?

Back 59

Tone, rate. loudness, variety, and patterns of speaking

Front 60

What are four different subcategories of speaking patterns?

Back 60

articulation, enunciation, pronunciation, and dialect.

Front 61

Define articulation

Back 61

how speech sounds are pronounced

Front 62

This is how individual words are articulated and pronounced in context.

Back 62

Enunciation

Front 63

What must body language do?

Back 63

Reinforce verbal language

Front 64

Describe three ways you can develop good body language.

Back 64

Facial expressions/eye contact, movement and gestures, and personal appearance

Front 65

What are the three phases of effective gestures

Back 65

readiness, execution, and return

Front 66

Define proxemics.

Back 66

The study of ho human beings use space during communication.

Front 67

What are the two principles of proxemics?

Back 67

distance and elevation

Front 68

What are 4 methods of presentation that focus on versatility?

Back 68

impromptu, memorized, extemporaneous, and manuscript

Front 69

What are some advantages and disadvantages of impromptu speeches?

Back 69

A: spontaneous, open to feedback, meets demand of situation
D: Less polished, not as researched, less organized, less use of supporting material.

Front 70

What are advantages and disadvantages of memorized speech?

Back 70

thoroughly planned and polished; eloquent wording.
D: Not as conversational, cam make you forget to communicate

Front 71

What are the advantages and disadvantages of extemporaneous speech?

Back 71

A: Spontaneous, encourage responding to audience feedback, encourages focusing on the essence of your message.
D: Requires a lot of prep and practice

Front 72

What are the advantages and disadvantages of manuscript speech?

Back 72

Allows planning for precise wording, can be timed
D: Inhibits response to feedback and requires ability to read well

Front 73

What formula can you use when developing an impromptu speech?

Back 73

Point, Reason, Example, Point (PREP)

Front 74

What type of speaking is also known as the master mode of speaking?

Back 74

Extemporaneous

Front 75

What are 3 categories of nonverbial audience feedback?

Back 75

Signals of misunderstanding, loss of interest, and signals of disagreement

Front 76

Describe some methods for effectively handling questions.

Back 76

1) Prepare fo questions
2) Repeat questions
3) Maintain eye contact with audience as you answer
4) Defuse hostile questions
5) Don't be afraid to say I don't know
6) Keep answers short and direct
7) Handle non-questions politely.
8) Bring answer and question section to a close

Front 77

Describe Judith Humprehy's "taking the stage"

Back 77

Attitude
conviction
Character of Leadership
Script
Language
Believe in your views