Public Speaking Final

Front 1

preparation outline

Back 1

a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech

Front 2

speaking outline

Back 2

a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech
Use:
-visual framework from preparation outline
- keep outline brief
- give yourself delivery cues

Front 3

denotative meaning

Back 3

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

Front 4

connotative meaning

Back 4

the meaning suggested by the associations of emotions triggered by a word or phrase

Front 5

concrete words

Back 5

words that refer to tangible objects

Front 6

abstract words

Back 6

words that refer to ideas or concepts

Front 7

clutter

Back 7

discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea

Front 8

imagery

Back 8

the use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas

Front 9

inclusive language

Back 9

language that does not sterotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors

Front 10

non-verbal communication

Back 10

communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words
-personal appearance
- movement
- gestures - motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech
- eye-contact - direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

Front 11

good delivery

Back 11

conveys speaker's ideas clearly, interestingly, and w/o distracting the audience
- good conversation

Front 12

methods of delivery

Back 12

- manusript speech - written out word for word and read to the audience
- reciting from memory
- impromptu speaking - delivered w/ little or no immediate preparation
- extemporaneous speech- carefully prepared and rehearsed speecch that is presented from a brief set of notes

Front 13

speaker's voice

Back 13

volume - loudness/softness
pitch - highness/loudness
inflections - changes in pitch/tone
monotone - constant pitch/tone
rate - speed a person speaks
pause - momentary break in vocal delivery
vocalized pause - silence between words w/ vocalization like uh er um

Front 14

vocal variety

Back 14

changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness

Front 15

pronounciation

Back 15

the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a give language

Front 16

articulation

Back 16

the physcial production of particular speech sounds

Front 17

dialect

Back 17

a variety of a language distingused by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary

Front 18

kinds of visual aids

Back 18

-objects
- models - an object usually built to scale that represents another object in detail
- photographs
- drawings
- graphs- used to show statistical trends and patterns (line, pie, graph)
- charts - summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form
- video
- transparencies
- multimedia presentations
- speaker

Front 19

guidelines for preparing visual aids

Back 19

- prepare visual aids in advance
- keep visual aids simple
- make sure they're large enough
- use easy-to-read fonts
- use limited # of fonts
- use color effectively

Front 20

presenting visual aids

Back 20

- avoid using chalkboard
- display where listeners can see them
- avoid passing aids among audience
- display only when discussing
- talk to audience, not visuals
- explain aids cleary and concisely
- practice w/ visual aids

Front 21

persuasion

Back 21

the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions

Front 22

ethos

Back 22

the name used for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility

Front 23

credibility

Back 23

the audiences's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. 2 major functions are competence and character

Front 24

competence

Back 24

how an audience regards a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject

Front 25

character

Back 25

how an audience regards a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience

Front 26

logos

Back 26

named used for the logical appeal of a speaker. 2 major elements are evidence and reasoning

Front 27

evidence

Back 27

supporting materials used to prove/disprove something

Front 28

reasoning

Back 28

process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence

Front 29

pathos

Back 29

the name for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal
- fear
- compassion
- pride
- anger
- guilt
- reverence

Front 30

kinesics

Back 30

the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication

Front 31

speech of introduction

Back 31

introduces the main speaker to the audience
- be brief
- make sure remarks are completely accurate
- adapt your remarks to occasion, main speaker, audience
- try to create a sense of anticipation and drama

Front 32

speech of presentation

Back 32

speech presents someone a gift, award, or some other form of public recognition

Front 33

acceptance speech

Back 33

speech that gives thanks for a gift, award, or some other form of public recognition

Front 34

commemorative speech

Back 34

speech that pays tribute to a person, group of people, institution, or idea

Front 35

after-dinner speech

Back 35

speechc to entertain that makes a thoughtful point about it's subject in a light-hearted manner

Front 36

speech to stimulate

Back 36

audience is with you on your point of view of subject, you just make them believe even more

Front 37

speech to convince

Back 37

audience is against you, and you are trying to get them to see the way things you do and convice them your way is better. * do not say "I want you to agree with me..."