Public Speaking Chaptes 11, 12, 13, And 14

Front 1

abstract words

Back 1

describe intangible concepts that are difficult to picture

Front 2

alliteration

Back 2

the repetition of consents (usually the first or last letter in a word)

Front 3

ambiguous word

Back 3

words that have vague, unclear meanings that can be understood in more than one way

Front 4

antithesis

Back 4

occurs when a sentence contains two constrasting ideas in parallel phrases

Front 5

assonance

Back 5

the repetition of vowel sounds

Front 6

concrete word

Back 6

describe tangible things that listeners can picutres

Front 7

euphemism

Back 7

words with positive overtones substituted for words with negative overtones

Front 8

forceful language

Back 8

involves effective use of volume, emphasis and pitch
important in persuasion
adds to audience's confidence in the speaker

Front 9

gobbledygook

Back 9

using complex words or jargon in place of simple words.
bureacratese

Front 10

hyperbole

Back 10

extreme exaggeration used for emphasis

Front 11

metaphor

Back 11

implied comparisons and do not use like or as

Front 12

onomatopoeia

Back 12

words that sound like their meanings
buzz, hiss, swish, fizz, ring

Front 13

parallelism

Back 13

the grouping of similarly phrased ideas

Front 14

personification

Back 14

giving human characteristics to an animal, object, or concept

Front 15

repetition

Back 15

repeating a word or series of words in successive clauses or sentences
an effective way to keep listeners' attention

Front 16

simile

Back 16

make direct comparisons using like or as

Front 17

style

Back 17

the way a speaker uses language to express ideas

Front 18

stylistic device

Back 18

either rearranges sentencews in unusual ways or changes the main or ordinary meaning or a word

Front 19

effective language style

Back 19

simple language, specific language, vivid language, forceful language

Front 20

stylistic device examples

Back 20

alliterations and assonance, simile and metaphor, onomatopoeia, repetitions and parallelism, antithesis, hyperbole, personification

Front 21

biased language

Back 21

gender bias, culture bias

Front 22

definition

Back 22

a statement of what a thing is

Front 23

demonstration speech

Back 23

characterized by showing how to do or make something right

Front 24

description

Back 24

painting a vivid, detailed picture of the topic using concrete words and figures of speech such as similes, metaphors, and onomatopoeia

Front 25

informational speech

Back 25

increases awareness by introducing the latest information about a topic or body of related facts, or presents information promoting understanding of a comlicated idea, term or concept

Front 26

narration

Back 26

a story about real or imagined things, people, or events told with detail and enthusiasm

Front 27

tools to aid understanding in informative speeches

Back 27

definition, description, explanation, narration

Front 28

steps in preparing an informative speech

Back 28

ananlyze your potential audience, determine your topic, exact purpose, and main points, prepare a rought-draft outline of main points and desired information, research topic for material to support main points, select a variety of supporting materials, determine how best to organize main points, plan introduction and conclusion, make preparation outline and spekaing notes, prepare visual aids, rehearse your speech

Front 29

attitude poll

Back 29

find points on which you and your audience agree and learn audience objections ot your position

Front 30

forum

Back 30

open audience participation

Front 31

motivated sequence

Back 31

a method of organizing a persuasive speech that involves five steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

Front 32

panel

Back 32

discussion team members informally discuss a problem or topic of interest in front of an audience

Front 33

persuasion

Back 33

communication that is intended to influence choice

Front 34

position statement

Back 34

the exact purpose of an informative speech
a simple sentence that states the speaker's position on the topic

Front 35

speech to actuate

Back 35

asks listeners for both intellectual agreement and action of some type

Front 36

speech to convince

Back 36

seeks intellectual agreement from listeners

Front 37

symposium

Back 37

each team member presents a formal 2-10 minute speech on once aspect of the symposium's topic

Front 38

team

Back 38

normally compoed of three to seven members who actively work together toward a particular goal, gathering information, or planning an informative or persuasive presnetation

Front 39

team presentation

Back 39

involves the collaborative organization and presentation of material by team members o an audience, often using one or a variety of public discussion formats: forum, symposium, panel, or some combination of the three

Front 40

steps in preparing a persuasive speech

Back 40

determine topic, position statement, and type of speech, analyze audience attitudes toward your position, prepare a rough-draft outline of main points and needed information, research your topic, select the best supporting materials, determine how best to organize your main points, plan the intro and conclusion, make preparation outline and speaking notes, prepare visual aids, rehearse your speech

Front 41

analogical reasoning

Back 41

occurs when you compare a familiar example with an unfamiliar one

Front 42

begging the question

Back 42

a type of circular reasong; it asserts that somethign is because it is

Front 43

boomerang effect

Back 43

means that fewer people agree with the speaker at the end of the speech than before it

Front 44

causal reasoning

Back 44

occurs when you imply a causal link between two items

Front 45

dynamism

Back 45

a speaking style characterized by forcefulness, enthusiasm and good vocal variety

Front 46

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Back 46

indicates which of two routes for processing arguements audience members will likely use

Front 47

evidence

Back 47

consists of factual statements and opinions originating from sources other than the speaker

Front 48

fallacious reasoning

Back 48

false of faulty reasoning

Front 49

fear appeal

Back 49

appeals that are designed to arouse negative emotions

Front 50

hasty generalization

Back 50

occurs when a conclusion is based on too few examples or on isolated examples
more common thatn inductive reasoning

Front 51

inoculation theory

Back 51

inoculating a listener against opposing ideas is similar to inoculating a person against a disease

Front 52

logic

Back 52

logos
the study of orderly thinking, the sequence and connection of thoughts and ideas as they relate to one another

Front 53

nonfluency

Back 53

inaccurate articulation, vocalized pauses and unnecessary repetition of words

Front 54

post hoc

Back 54

after the fact
occurs when the speaker claims a causal relationship simply because one event followed another event

Front 55

slippery slope

Back 55

occurs when a speaker asserts that taking a particular step will lead to a seriouis and undesirable consequence, and does not provide adequate evidence to support the assertion

Front 56

social judgement theory

Back 56

explains how people evaluate messages based on internal anchors (past experiences)-- the more ego involved we are with a social issue or topic, the more likely our judgements will be influenced by an internal anchor

Front 57

Logical reasoning

Back 57

deductive and inductive, analogical and causal

Front 58

basic elements of credibiliity

Back 58

trustworthiness, competency, dynamism