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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Effective delivery
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natural conversational behavior in a way that is relaxed, enthusiastic, direct
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elocutionary movement
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a performance, like acting
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speaking from manuscript
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Reading a speech from prepared written text
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Speaking from memory
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Is Oratory
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Impromptu
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Speech delivered w/o preparation/practice
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Extemporaneous
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Speech well practiced and delivered from a key-word/prase outline
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Volume
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Loudness of a speaker's voice during a speech. Depends on 3 factors: 1) Size of room & # of people 2) Whether or not the use of a microphone 3) Level of background noise
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Pitch
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range of sounds from high to low. Known by vibrations per unit of time (frequency)
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Intonation
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Distinguishes a question from a statement
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Speaking rate
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Most effective way to hold an audience's attention (120-150 words per min)
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Vocal fillers
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"uh", "hmm," "you know", "I mean" and "it's like"
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pauses
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enhance meaning by providing a type of punctuation, emphasizing a point, drawing attention
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Vocal variety
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Could be a combination of reduced speech rate, increased volume and pitch
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Articulation
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clarity/forcefulness when sounds are made, regardless if pronounced correctly
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Mumbling
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Slurring words together @ a very low volume and pitch...Articulation problem (could be lazy speech)
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Aural channel
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made up of vocalizations that form and accompany spoken words
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Paralanguage
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Refers to how something is said, not whats said
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Visual channel
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Includes the speaker's physical actions and appearance
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Talking head
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Just stands, not interesting
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Prop
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Live or inanimate object
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Model
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3-D, scale-size representation of an object (Engineering, architecture, medicine, etc)
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Pictures
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2-D, representing people, places, ideas or objects
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Diagram
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Explains how something works/constructed/operated
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Map
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A whole or a part of an area on a flat surface
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Poster
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Large, bold 2-D design incorporating words, shapes, color
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Graph
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Numerical data
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Line graph
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Displays 1 measurement
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Bar graph
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uses bars to compare quantities/magnitudes
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Pie graph
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Depicts the division of a whole
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Pictogram
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Shows comparisons in picture form
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Chart
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Organizes complex info into compact form
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Flowchart
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Diagram that shows step-by-step progression through procedure, relationship, or process
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Organizational chart
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illustrates the organizational structure/chain of command in an organization...shows interrelationship
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Table
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Systematicgrouping of data/numerical info in solumn form
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Multimedia
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Comines several medic into a single production
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LCD panel
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Connects to a computer, square thin box that sits on top of an overhead projector
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LCD Projector
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Eliminates the need of a overhead projector...comes with an illumination or light source
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Flip chart
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Pad of paper which a speaker can illustrate speech points
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8 by 8 rule
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No more than 8 words in a line & 8 lines on 1 slide
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Serif typefaces
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Small flourishes/strokes at top/bottom of each letter
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Sans serif typefaces
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blocklike and linear...designed without tiny strokes
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Animation effects
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Sometimes referred as builds
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Meeting Minder
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A note-taking tool that allows to take notes & give assignments known as "Action items"
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Pointer
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Allows to show parts of a slide during presentation
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Operational definition
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Defines something by describing what it does
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Definition by negation
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Defines something by explaining what it is not
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Definition by synonym
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Defines something by comparing it with another term that contain equivalent meaning
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Definition by etymology (word orgin)
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You illustrate the roots of the term in questionSpeeches about objects
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Speeches about objects
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Anything that isn't humans
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Speeches about events
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Any current or historical event
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Speeches about processes
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A series of steps that lead to an end result
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Speeches about concepts
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Fouces on abstract/complex ideas or theroies and attempt to make them understandable
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Guideline for Informative speech
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Include too much nor too little
Define your terms Reinforcec your message through repetition Relate old ideas to new ones Present new & interesting info Strive for clarity Use Visualization Presentation Aids |
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Persuasive speaking
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Speech that is to influence the attitudes, beliefs, values, and acts of others
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Forms of rhetorical proof
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Speaker's use of 3 means of persuasion
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Logos
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Audience's resoning on a topic (arguements)
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Syllogism
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A 3 part argument consisting of a major premise
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Major Premise
Minor premise |
General case
Specific case |
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Deductive reasoning
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Reasoning from a general condition to a specific instance
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Hasty overgeneralization
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An attempt to support a claim by asserting that a particular piece of evidence is true
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Claims of value
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Issues of judgement
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claims of policy
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a specific course be taken
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Motivational warrants
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Audience's needs and emotions
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Authoritative warrants
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Appeal to credibility the audience see's in the source
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Substantive warrants
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Appeal to audience's beliefs about reliability of factualy evidnece
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Warrants by sign
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Close relationships between 2 variables
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Warrants by analogy
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Compare 2 similar cases that if 1 thing is true, than it will be true in the other
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Inoculation effect
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Anticipating counterarguments, than addressing/rebutting them
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Logical fallacy
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Invalid line of reasoning
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Begging the question
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Fallacy that is true, even w/ no evidence
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Bandwagoning
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General opinion supports them
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Ad hominem arguement
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Targets a person rather than the issue
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Red herring fallacy
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speaker relies on irrelevant info for arguement
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Refutation pattern of organization
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Opposing claims
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Specific speech purpose
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How you want ur audience to react to ur message
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Motivated sequence pattern of arrangement
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5 step process: 1) Attention 2) Need 3) Satisfaction 4) Visualization 5) Action
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Commemorative speech
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Remembrance & tribute
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Social agenda-setting
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Reinforcing/establishing goals/values of group sponsoring event
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Speeches of introduction
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Describe speaker's background, preview speaker's topic
Ask audience to welcome speaker |
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Speeches of acceptance
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Prepare
React Genuinely & w/ Humility Thank those giving the Award Thank others who helped you Convey the meaning of the award Talk about recipient of the award Consider the physical presentation |
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Roast
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Humorous tribute to a person...poke fun @ him/her
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Canned speeches
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Not favored
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Sermons speeches
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Ministers, priests
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Productive conflict
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Questions are clarified, ideas are challanged, counterexamples, worst-case scnarios
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Issues-based conflict
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Allows members to test/debate ideas & potential solutions
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Groupthink
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Accept info without anaylizing
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Devil's advocacy
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Arguing for the fuck of it
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Dialectical inquiry
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Futher step than devil's advocacy, accept it offers a counter solution
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Presentational speaking
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Within business/professional environment
1) Topic selection 2) Audience composition Audience participation 3) Speaker expertise |
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Crisis-response presentation
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Reassure an organization's various audiences
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Science-related disciples
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Physical sciences, earth sciences, natural sciences
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Technical disciplines
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Range of engineering fields, computer-sicence-oriented fieldsm and design-oriented
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fields qualitative research
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Observing, describing, and interpreting behavior
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Quantitative research
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Statistical measurements
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