Public Opinion Participation, And Voting

Front 1

Activists

Back 1

people who tend to participate in all forms of politics

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Australian Ballot

Back 2

a government printed ballot of uniform dimensions to be cast in secret, to reduce voting fraud

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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act(BCRA)

Back 3

largely banned party soft money, restored a long standing prohibition on corporations and labor unions for using general treasury funds for electoral purposes, and narrowed the definition of issue advocacy

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Blanket Primary

Back 4

a primary election in which each voter may both for candidates of both parties

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Candidate Appeal

Back 5

how voters feel abut a candidate's background personality, leadership ability and other personal qualities

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Closed primary

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a primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members

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Coattail effect

Back 7

boost candidates get because of popularity

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Coattails

Back 8

alleged tendency of candidates to win because they are more well known

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Electoral college

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electoral system used in electing the president and vice president

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Elite

Back 10

people who have disproportionate amount of some valued resource

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Exit Polls

Back 11

polls based on interviews conducted on election day with randomly selected voters

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Federal Election Commission(FCE)

Back 12

A commission created to administer election reform laws

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General Election

Back 13

elections in which voters elect officeholders

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Gerrymandering

Back 14

drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party

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Grandfather Clause

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a clause in registration laws allowing people who did not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867

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Incumbents

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the person already holding an elective office

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Independent expenditures

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spending by political action committees, corporation, or labor unions to help a party or candidate but done independently of them

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Interested money

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financial contributions by individuals or groups in the hope of influencing the outcome of the election and sebsequently influencing policy

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Issue advocacy

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promoting a particular position or an issue paid for by interest groups or individuals but not candidates

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Literacy test

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a requirement that citizens show that they can read before registering to vote

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Malapportionment

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drawing boundaries of legislative districts so they are unequal in population

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Midterm election

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Elections held midway between presidential elections

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Name recognition

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incumbents have an advantage over more challengers in an election because their names are more familar

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National party convention

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a national meeting of delegates elected at primaries, caucuses, or state convention who assemble once every four years to nominate candidates for the presidents and vice presidents

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Norm

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a standard of right or proper conduct

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Open Primary

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a primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place

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Party Identification

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an informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood

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Political elites

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persons with a disproportionate share of political power

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Political ideology

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a more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to persue

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Poll

Back 30

survey of public opinion

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Poll Tax

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a requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

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Position issue

Back 32

an issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions

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Presidential election

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Elections held in years when the president is on the ballot

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Primary Election

Back 34

Elections in which voters determine party nominees

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Proportion Representation

Back 35

election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of votes

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Prospective voting

Back 36

voting for a candidate because you favor their ideas in handling situations

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Public Opinion

Back 37

the distribution of individual preferences or evaluations of a given issue, candidate, or institutions within a specific populations

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Random Sample

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in this type of sample every individual has unknown and random chance of being selected

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Retrospective voting

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voting for a candidate because you like his/hers past actions in office

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Runoff Primary

Back 40

a second primary election held when no candidate wins the majority of the votes in the first primary

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Safe seat

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elected office that is predictably won by one party or another, so success of the party's candidate is taken for granted

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Sampling error

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the difference the results of random samples taken at the same time

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Single-member district

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An electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official

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Sophomore Surge

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an increase in the votes the congressional candidates usually get when they first ran for the election

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Turnout

Back 45

the proportion of the voting age public that votes

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Valence issue

Back 46

An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar position in hopes that each will be thought to best represent widely shared beliefs

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Voter registration

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system designed to reduce voter fraud by limiting voting to those who have established the eligibility to vote by submitting the proper documents

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White Primary

Back 48

the practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary registration requirements and intimidation