Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Violence is
|
intentional act of violence against another person(s)
|
|
|
Risk factors for youth violence (6)
|
prior hx of violence, drug alcohol or tobacco use, association with delinquent peers, poor family fxing, poor grades in school, poverty in the community
|
|
|
Primary Prevention strategies to combat youth violence/school violence
|
Promote healthy self esteem
A sense of responsibility Tolerance and respect for others High adequate parental attention Involvement in school Positive peer influence |
|
|
Primary prevention
|
teaching programs, DARE, bullying education
|
|
|
Secondary prevention
|
identifying those at risk
|
|
|
Tertiary prevention
|
help those affected by supporting them or giving treatment/therapy
|
|
|
Gender based violence
|
results in abuse, physical, sexual and psychological
|
|
|
Intimate partner violence is based on the
|
desire to control
|
|
|
Femicide
|
is a term used to refer to a homicide that occurs in the context of intimate partner violence
|
|
|
Lethality risk questions
|
is there a gun in the house? is the woman's partner unemployed? what is the worst thing the partner has ever done to the victim? does the victim feel that the partner is capable of hurting her? has the partner ever been arrested? is the partner using drugs or alcohol?
|
|
|
Lethality assessment is*******
|
an assessment that identifies high risk factors for intimate partner violence
|
|
|
Components of a safety plan (3)
|
-crisis/disaster plan
-place to go -how to get there |
|
|
Mandatory reporting of abuse in necessary for: (3)
|
elderly, child, person with diability
|
|
|
The most important predictor for vaccination is
|
if it was recommended by the health care provider
|
|
|
Epidemiological triangle
|
Used to study infectious disease.
Host, agent and environment |
|
|
Chain of transmission
|
Agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, host
|
|
|
Food borne
|
vehicle transmission (transmitted by inanimate objects)
|
|
|
If there is no cure for a disease then you need to
|
focus on changing the environment because thats the only way to break the cycle
|
|
|
ESSENCE
|
Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community based Epidemics
Monitors non-traditional data sources like OTC drug sales, lab report orders, absenteeism rates |
|
|
Surveillance is
|
a continual dynamic mehtod for gathering data
|
|
|
endemic**
|
the usual prevalence of a specific disease of infectious agent within a population
|
|
|
Epidemic**
|
significant increase in the new cases of a disease than past experience would have predicted, an increase in incidence beyond that which is expected
|
|
|
Pandemic**
|
worldwide epidemic (H1N1)
|
|
|
Incubation is **
|
often 2-3 weeks and the person is infectious while incubating
|
|
|
prodromal **
|
sx, but not full blown illness
|
|
|
Passive immunity
|
antibodies r/c from another human or animal, maternal antibodies
offer short term protection only |
|
|
Active immunity
|
non-specific cells kill bacteria or viruses, specific T cells find and kill pathogens, memory cells create antibodies, antibodies attack pathogen, then memory T cells are made
|
|
|
Memory T cells
|
react quickly to an antigen previously encountered
THIS IS THE BASIS OF VACCINES |
|
|
Live attenuated vaccines**
|
are grown from a live virus but weakened, usually one dose can be effective for life, but could overwhelm a poor immune system, can cause a mild case
|
|
|
Inactivated vaccines**
|
whole or par microbes that are killed, weaker response (need booster shots), side effects minimal, can be given to weakened immune system pts and prego pts
|
|
|
Contraindications of vaccination
|
Seizure after initial dose
Chronic renal disease TB test not at the same time as live vaccine Any prior anaphylactic response Moderate or severe illness |
|
|
Hi jassie and uma!
|
you are smarty pants :) :)
|
|
|
If children get the adult vaccine
|
they may not get enough and not have a good enough immune response
|
|
|
Herd Immunity**
|
immunizing a lot of pts all at once
|
|
|
current issues
|
tuberculosis
yellow fever in africa maleria cholera antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria |
|
|
community assessment includes
|
examination of biological, psychological and sociocultural influences of the environment that surrounds a specific group of people
|
|
|
a community is
|
a group of people sharing common interests, needs, resources, and environment
an interrelating and interacting group of people with shared needs and interests |
|
|
critical attributes of a community
|
people, place, social interaction/interests/common characteristics
|
|
|
Types of communities
|
geopolitical, phenomenological
|
|
|
The first thing to do when starting a community assessment is
|
define who you are assessing. (Who and where)
|
|
|
Health planning is
|
an organized and systematic process in which problems are identified, priorities selected, and objective set for the development of community health programs based on the finding of community health assessments and health surveillance data
|
|
|
Healthy people 2020
Leading health indicators |
Physical activity
overweight and obesity tobacco use substance abuse responsible sexual behavior mental health injury and violence environmental quality immunizations access to healthcare |
|
|
Conduction of community assessments are essential because they help us
|
gain information and clarify the need for change
to empower those responsible in the context of that change |
|
|
Epidemiological approach to Community assessment (CA)
|
Describing the health of a population
determining relationships that can predict health and illness developing and testing interventions to empower communities and affect change |
|
|
Community as partner framework of CA
|
people as central members of the community
the parts of a community that interact with members of a community Community core: history, demographics, ethnicity, values and beliefs |
|
|
Community as partner TEST QUESTION**
All of these impact a person's health and life |
physical environment, health and social service, economy, transportation and safety, politics and government, communication, education, recreation
|
|
|
Community assessment asset based approach
|
identifies community resources and strengths along with community needs
|
|
|
Collaborative model
|
public health experts can collaborate through a community assessment model that emphasizes the interdiciplinary nature of the task
|
|
|
coalition
|
group of consumers, health professionals, policy makers, and others working together to improve community health status or to solve a specific community health problem
|
|
|
stakeholder
|
an indicidual organization or group that has an interest in a specific health issue or the outcome of a community level intervention
|
|
|
biostatistics
|
a combination of health statistics and population data
|
|
|
epidemiology
|
study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in the human populations, used as a research methodology and as a body of knowledge
|
|
|
the wheel of causation
|
de-emphasizes the host as the problem
|
|
|
rate
|
the primary measurement used to describe the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness
|
|
|
Risk
|
the probability or likelihood a disease or illness will occur in a group of people who currently do not have the problem
|
|
|
surveillance
|
the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of data regarding a health related event
|
|
|
behavioral risk factor surveillance system was used to
|
develop healthy people 2020
|
|
|
Rates
|
help to measure the frequency of health events, describe an event compared to a standard, helps put raw numbers into a frame of reference, rate allow comparison among groups
|
|
|
Calculation of rates***
|
# of events / population at risk x multiple of ten
|
|
|
prevalence rate
|
measures the number of people in a given population who have an existing conditions at a given point in time
# of existing cases / total pop |
|
|
incidence rate**
|
measure of the probablitity that people without a certain condition will develop that condition over a period of time
# of new cases / pop at risk |
|
|
primary
|
decrease the incidence of disease
|
|
|
secondary
|
limiting the spread of disease
|
|
|
tertiary
|
manage diseases and decrease disability
|
|
|
in descriptive studies
|
they collect information to characterize the problem
|
|
|
in analytical sutdies they
|
collect info to compare between groups
|
|
|
2 drinks per day and hormone replacement therapy **
|
provided the greatest risk for breast cancer
|
|
|
public health
|
what a society does collectively to ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy
|
|
|
WHO's main goal
|
access to basic primary care, health is a fundamental human right
|
|
|
think upstream*
|
seek the source of the problem so you can prevent it
|
|
|
role of government in health care**
|
assesses the level of health or illness in the nation
intervenes by developing relevant health care policy that provides access to services insures that services that are delivered and outcomes are achieved |
|
|
public health nursing**
|
promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social and public health
|
|
|
community health nursing
|
use of systematic processes to deliver care to individuals, families and community groups with a focus on promoting, preserving and protecting and maintaining heatlh
|
|
|
community based nursing
|
minor acute and chronic care that is comprehensive and coordinated where people work live or attend school, illness care provided outside the acute care setting
|
|
|
health care disparities
|
gaps in health care experienced by one population compared to another
|
|
|
social determinants of health
|
social conditions in which people live and work
|
|
|
three major changes in health care in the 21st century
|
development of patient centered care
increased use of technology increased personal responsibility for health |
|
|
benefits of health information technology
|
pt centered
improved coordination of care support for evidence based care reduced error expand access to affordable care improved overall health outcomes increased prevention of disease and disability earlier detection of infectious disease outbreaks improved tracking of chronic disease more accurate assessments |
|
|
challenges for community and public health nursing in the 21st century
|
helping eliminate health disparities in underserved pops
demonstrating cultural competence planning for community change contributing to a safe and healthy environment responding to emergencies, disasters and terrorism responding to the global environment |
|
|
issues and challenges in PHN
|
workforce shortage for all nurses
budget constraints for agencies recruit and retain public health forces insufficient number of baccalaureate level nurses less than competitive salaries |
