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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List some major methods by which meat and poultry inspection provide consumer protection.
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1. Elimination of diseased meat
2. Esthetic factors 3. Clean equipment and environment 4. Labeling 5. Application of inspection insignia 6. Prevent adulteration 7. Disease monitoring |
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Who pays for meat inspection?
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Taxpayers
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This act provided for the following: antemortem and postmortem inspection of all animals, disposition of passed/condemned/suspect, basic sanitation regulations. However, it only applied to animals involved in interstate trade and export.
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Meat Inspection Act of 1906
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This act provided for inspection of poultry used in interstate commerce and from foreign sources.
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Poultry Inspection Act of 1957
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This act requires all commercial meat to be inspected regardless of whether involved in intrastate or interstate commerce. It also required inspection of imported meat, and plants that process meat products.
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Wholesome Meat Act of 1967.
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Are poultry inspected by state or by federal inspectors if they are entering interstate commerce?
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Federal
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What kinds of slaughter plants are exempt from federal standards?
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Custom plants that slaughter animals from the owner for personal use.
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How many turkeys and chickens may small processors sell directly to the consumer without inspection of each animal?
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5000 turkeys or 10,000 chickens
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How many turkeys and chickens may private farmers sell directly to the consumer without inspection of each animal?
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250 turkeys or 1000 chickens
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This act provided for the humane slaughter and handling or meat animals, whether domestic or imported.
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Humane Slaughter Act of 1978.
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List 5 methods of humane slaughter.
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1. Captive bolt pistol
2. Gunshot 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Electrical stunning 5. Kosher slaughter |
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What is the cause of death in an animal that has been slaughtered humanely?
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Exsanguination
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Which four methods of slaughter render an animal unconscious before its throat is cut?
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1. Captive bolt Pistol
2. Gunshot 3. Carbon Dioxide 4. Electrical stunning |
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The bovine brain is discarded in any animal over this age.
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30 months
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How long does it take for carbon dioxide to render a hog unconscious?
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15 seconds
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How does electrical stunning differ from electrical slaughter?
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Electrical stunning triggers a grand-mal seizure and unconsciousness.
Electrical slaughter causes cardiac arrest. |
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What are the 4 D's of condemned cattle?
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Dying, dead, drugged, downer
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What does it mean to sell an animal "subject to inspection?"
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The farmer and the slaughter plant agree on payment for that portion of animal that passes inspection
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Objectives of antemortem examination
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1. Remove animals with conditions not seen postmortem
2. Prevent contamination of slaughter facility 3. Obtain info on suspect animals for PM disposition 4. Withold abnormal animals unfit for human food 5. Cooperate with animal disease control agencies |
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When must antemortem inspection of an animal be done?
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On the day of slaughter
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Where are mammals presented for slaughter inspected?
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In specially designed holding pens
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Where are poultry presented for slaughter inspected?
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On the truck
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What precautions are taken in the slaughter of suspect animals?
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Killed at end of day separately from healthy animals
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Is it possible to pass some parts of an animal while condemning others?
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Yes
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What happens to animals condemned at the antemortem exam?
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Never enter abattior. Killed and tanked or rendered.
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Multiple abcesses seen on an emaciated cow. What is the disposition?
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Condemn (generalized condition)
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Squamous cell carcinoma is confined to the eye on a cow antemortem. What is the disposition?
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Suspect
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Squamous cell carcinoma found on cow's eye with secondary infection and lymphadenopathy. What is the disposition?
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Condemn
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A cow has localized lumpy jaw. What is the disposition?
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Suspect
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Downer cow. What is the disposition?
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Condemned
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On postmortem of a suspect cow (cough but no fever), you see fibrin covered lungs but with no adhesions to pleura. What is the disposition at postmortem?
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Passed
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A very thin cow has a cough, runny nose, and fever. What is the disposition?
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Condemned (generalized condition)
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Sheep presents with a head tilt. No other abnormalities noted. What is the disposition?
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Suspect
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Cow presents blind, ataxic, and febrile. What is the disposition?
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Condemned
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Cow presents with retained placenta. What is the disposition?
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Passed after passage of placenta
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Traumatic reticulopericarditis seen on postmortem. What is the disposition?
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Condemned
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Temperatures above this level are enough to condemn an animal on antemortem inspection.
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105 F (106 in swine)
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It is a hot day and you find that most individuals in a shipment of cattle have temperatures reaching 104. What do you do?
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Rest cows for several hours and recheck temperatures.
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TB reactors are given this disposition antemortem.
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Suspects
(Febrile and dead are condemned) |
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Bovine Brucella reactors are given this disposition on antemortem exam.
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Passed
(ID by ear tag number) |
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Caprine Brucella reactors are given this disposition on antemortem exam.
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Condemned (b/c of B. melitensis)
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Carcasses given this disposition postmortem are stored in a "cage" freezer until test results are obtained.
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U.S. Retained
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What does it mean for a carcass to be passed with restriction?
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May enter food supply once cooked or frozen.
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Carcass has bruising in the right thigh. What is the disposition?
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Passed once bruise removed
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Carcass has a liver with chronic abcessation. Pass or condemn?
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Pass rest of carcass, condemn liver
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Carcass has a liver with acute abcessation. Pass or condemn?
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Condemn
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A hog carcass shows signs of renal failure. Pass or condemn?
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Condemn, due to systemic azotemia
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Hog carcass is jaundiced. Pass or condemn?
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Condemn
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The four lymph node sets inspected in the head post mortem.
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Parotid, retropharyngeal, mandibular, atlanto-occipital
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Milk spots on liver. Pass or condemn liver?
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Condemn for aesthetic reasons
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Do tumors pose a public health hazard if consumed?
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No. Condemned b/c not aesthetically pleasing.
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How may condemned/inedible products be marked for removal from human food supply?
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Denaturant (chemical alteration)
Decharacterization (physical alteration) Restriction (may not be sold unless cooked or frozen) |
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How are inedible/condemned products destroyed?
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Hashing
Rendering Incineration Denaturing |
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Cresylic disinfectant is used for this purpose.
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Denaturation of condemned product.
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Any substance that will change the appearance, taste, or smell of a product and thus destroy the product for food purposes.
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Denaturant
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Changing of physical appearance of a product (like with charcoal or dye) to discourage use as human food., May still be used for animal food.
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Decharacterized
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Animals with septicemia, pyemia, and toxemia are given this disposition.
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Condemned
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TB reactor cattle with no gross lesions are given this postmortem disposition.
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Passed restricted (cooking)
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TB reactor cattle with granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes are given this postmortem disposition.
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Condemned
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TB reactor swine with granulomatous lesions in one organ system are given this disposition.
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Passed (after discarding affected system)
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TB reactor swine with granulomatous lesions in multiple organ systems are given this disposition.
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Passed restricted (cooked)
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A cow has localized arthritis. What is her disposition?
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Passed
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Cow with active pneumonia. What is her disposition?
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Condemned
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How are cases of pneumonia classified as chronic or active on postmortem examination?
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Examine lymph nodes
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A carcass has moderate bovine taeniasis. What is its disposition?
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Passed restricted after freezing
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A carcass has moderate swine taeniasis. What is its disposition?
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Passed restrictive after freezing/cooking
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All pork muscle should be considered to be infected with this parasite.
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Trichinella
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These lesions call for condemnation of the liver but may not require the condemnation of the carcass if systemic signs not seen.
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Milk spots
Cirrhosis Carotenosis Sawdust liver (focal necrosis) Telangiectasis Pale livers Small number liver abcesses Fluke damage |
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Lesions seen in muscle are yellowish green, and spindle shaped. Grossly looks like sarcosporidiosis.
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Eosinophilic myositis
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Any substance that will change the appearance, taste, or smell of a product and thus destroy the product for food purposes.
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Denaturant
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Changing of physical appearance of a product (like with charcoal or dye) to discourage use as human food., May still be used for animal food.
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Decharacterized
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Animals with septicemia, pyemia, and toxemia are given this disposition.
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Condemned
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TB reactor cattle with no gross lesions are given this postmortem disposition.
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Passed restricted (cooking)
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TB reactor cattle with granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes are given this postmortem disposition.
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Condemned
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Cow is emaciated after hard winter. What is her disposition?
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Condemned (aesthetic reasons)
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Cow is cachectic. What is her disposition?
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Condemned (sign of systemic disease)
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Animal is icteric. What is its disposition?
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Condemned
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Animal has melanin deposits on tongue, palate, and skin. What is its disposition.
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Passed if lesions trimmed
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Pig carcass found to have embryonal nephroma, a well circumscribed benign neoplasm. What is its disposition?
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Passed when tumor discarded
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Cow has lymphoma, restricted to a single lymph node. What is the disposition?
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Condemned
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This pair of lymph nodes is used to gauge the metastatic status of squamous cell carcinoma in the bovine.
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Parotid
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Pale soft exudative pork. Dispostion?
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Passed
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What becomes of a swine carcass with boar odor?
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Used in comminuted product like sausage.
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Occurs in animals slaughtered in July and August, associated with putrefactive bacteria.
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Bone taint
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Disposition of a carcass affected by bone taint.
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Condemn the affected portion
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How is bone taint prevented?
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Proper slaughter and refrigeration
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