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44 Cards in this Set

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epidemiology: prevention and control of diseases and health conditions
Classification of dieseases and health problems.
what are the 4 classification schemes?
1. organ/organ system
2. causative agent
3. communicable(infectious) v. noncommunicable (non infectious) diseases
4. Acute v. chronic disease and illness
Organ/organ system examples are?
heart disease, kidney disease, respiratory infection
Causative agents are?
biological agents
chemical agents
physical agents
Infection is the process of?
lodgement and growth of microorganism or a virus in the host
Biological agents include?
viruses
rickettsiae
bacteria
fungi
protozoa
chemical agents include?
pesticides
food additives
pharmacologics
industrial chemical
Physical agents include?
heat
light
radiation
noise
vibration
communicable (infectious diseases are caused by?
specific biological agent or its product and can be transmitted from infected to susceptible host
noncommunable (non infectious) disease is one that cannot be....
transmitted from infected to susceptible host
communicable disease model-
Agent host environment-

in orde for a disease process to take place, there must be unique combination of events which is.....
HARMFUL AGENT comes into contact w/ SUSCEPTIBLE HOST in the PROPER ENVIRONMENT
Characteristics of the agent-
-
INFECTIVITY- capacity of the agent to cause ....
infection in a susceptible host
ex- polio/measles
PATHOGENICITY- capacity of agent to cause ......
disease in the infected host
ex- measles is high pathgenicity
poilio is disease of low pathogenicity
VIRULENCE is the severity of.....
the disease
-rabies extremely virulent , little to no survivals
TOXIGENICITY -capacity of agent to produce.....
toxin or poison
-botulism or whooping cough
RESISTANCE ability of agent to survive....
adverse environmental conditions
-hepatitis coccidioidomycosis
ANTIGENICITY- ability of agent to induce...
antibody production in the host
CHAIN OF INFECTION
-
Pathogen is the ....
disease causing agent.
can be: viruses, rickettsiae, bacterial, fungi , protozoa, meataoa
RESERVOIR- the habitat in which an infectious.....
agent normally lives and grows..

Human: symptomatic or asymptomatic(carrier)
Animal: called zoonoses as leptospirosis
Environmental: plants, soil, h20 as cryptococcus neoformans
PORTAL OF EXIT- the path by which an agent.....
leaves the source host
TRANSMISSION- how pathogens are passed? what are the 2 modes of transmission?
1. direct- immediate, -direct contact(stds) , droplet spread (measles, chix pox)
2. indirect, -airborne (most difficult to block)
Vehicleborne(cont food, achool supplies, bed)
vectorborne- mosquitos
Type of carriers- what are the 4?
1. healthy carrier- subclinical infection
2. incubatory carrier- during incubation period ex: Hep A
3. Convalescent carrier- sheigella/ salmonella
4. chronic carrier- Hep B
Multicausation disease model consists of?
1. genetics
2. personality/beliefs
3. behavioral choices
4. environment
Natural history of the disease- by natural history we refer to the course of disease.....
over time, unaffected by treatment
What are the 4 stages of natural hist of disease?
1. stage of susceptibility
2. stage of presymptomatic disease
3. stage of clinical disease
4. stage of disability
Prevention of disease-
what are the 3 levels?
Primary- applied b4 stage 1
secondary- applied b4 stage 2
Tertiary- applied b4 stage 4
Intervention- taking action during....
an event ex; taking antibiotic
Control- general term used in the.....
containment of disease, limiting transmission
Eradication is?
total elimination of the disease
Primary prevention is the forestalling of the onset of illness or injury by removing....
the cause, during pre-pathogenesis period ex; immunization/adjustment
Secondary prevention is the early dagnosis and prompt treatment of diseases or injury to....
limit disability or prevent more severe pathogenesis
ex; screening: decrease prevalence and progression and limit disability
tertiary prevention is the retaining and reeducation and rehabilitation of....
the patient who has already incurred disability ex; physical therapy
prevention of communicable disease
-
prevention of pathogen includes?
pasteurization
chlorination
antibiotics
antivirals
prevention- human reservoir includes?
isolation
surveillance
quarantine
drug treatment
prevention w/ portal of exit includes?
gowns
masks
condoms
hair nets
insect repellent
prevention- of transmission includes?
isolation
hand washing
vector control
sanitary engineering
sneee glass
sexual abstinence
Portal of entry?
mask
condoms
safety glasses
insect repellent
prevention- establishment of disease in new host includes?
immunization
hx education
nutrition promotion
sex abstinence
Primary prevention includes....
good health behavior
hx education
access to medical service
chiro adjustment
protection from hazards
secondary prevention includes?
mass SCREENINGS (bl pressure, cholesterol)
-case finding measures
adequeate health personnel
-personal screening
-cancer screening
tertiary prevention includes?
adequate emergency medical personnel
support groups
counseling
retraining, reeducation, rehabilitation