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44 Cards in this Set
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epidemiology: prevention and control of diseases and health conditions
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Classification of dieseases and health problems.
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what are the 4 classification schemes?
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1. organ/organ system
2. causative agent 3. communicable(infectious) v. noncommunicable (non infectious) diseases 4. Acute v. chronic disease and illness |
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Organ/organ system examples are?
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heart disease, kidney disease, respiratory infection
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Causative agents are?
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biological agents
chemical agents physical agents |
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Infection is the process of?
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lodgement and growth of microorganism or a virus in the host
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Biological agents include?
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viruses
rickettsiae bacteria fungi protozoa |
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chemical agents include?
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pesticides
food additives pharmacologics industrial chemical |
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Physical agents include?
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heat
light radiation noise vibration |
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communicable (infectious diseases are caused by?
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specific biological agent or its product and can be transmitted from infected to susceptible host
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noncommunable (non infectious) disease is one that cannot be....
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transmitted from infected to susceptible host
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communicable disease model-
Agent host environment- in orde for a disease process to take place, there must be unique combination of events which is..... |
HARMFUL AGENT comes into contact w/ SUSCEPTIBLE HOST in the PROPER ENVIRONMENT
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Characteristics of the agent-
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INFECTIVITY- capacity of the agent to cause ....
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infection in a susceptible host
ex- polio/measles |
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PATHOGENICITY- capacity of agent to cause ......
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disease in the infected host
ex- measles is high pathgenicity poilio is disease of low pathogenicity |
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VIRULENCE is the severity of.....
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the disease
-rabies extremely virulent , little to no survivals |
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TOXIGENICITY -capacity of agent to produce.....
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toxin or poison
-botulism or whooping cough |
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RESISTANCE ability of agent to survive....
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adverse environmental conditions
-hepatitis coccidioidomycosis |
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ANTIGENICITY- ability of agent to induce...
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antibody production in the host
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CHAIN OF INFECTION
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-
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Pathogen is the ....
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disease causing agent.
can be: viruses, rickettsiae, bacterial, fungi , protozoa, meataoa |
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RESERVOIR- the habitat in which an infectious.....
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agent normally lives and grows..
Human: symptomatic or asymptomatic(carrier) Animal: called zoonoses as leptospirosis Environmental: plants, soil, h20 as cryptococcus neoformans |
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PORTAL OF EXIT- the path by which an agent.....
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leaves the source host
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TRANSMISSION- how pathogens are passed? what are the 2 modes of transmission?
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1. direct- immediate, -direct contact(stds) , droplet spread (measles, chix pox)
2. indirect, -airborne (most difficult to block) Vehicleborne(cont food, achool supplies, bed) vectorborne- mosquitos |
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Type of carriers- what are the 4?
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1. healthy carrier- subclinical infection
2. incubatory carrier- during incubation period ex: Hep A 3. Convalescent carrier- sheigella/ salmonella 4. chronic carrier- Hep B |
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Multicausation disease model consists of?
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1. genetics
2. personality/beliefs 3. behavioral choices 4. environment |
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Natural history of the disease- by natural history we refer to the course of disease.....
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over time, unaffected by treatment
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What are the 4 stages of natural hist of disease?
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1. stage of susceptibility
2. stage of presymptomatic disease 3. stage of clinical disease 4. stage of disability |
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Prevention of disease-
what are the 3 levels? |
Primary- applied b4 stage 1
secondary- applied b4 stage 2 Tertiary- applied b4 stage 4 |
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Intervention- taking action during....
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an event ex; taking antibiotic
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Control- general term used in the.....
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containment of disease, limiting transmission
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Eradication is?
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total elimination of the disease
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Primary prevention is the forestalling of the onset of illness or injury by removing....
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the cause, during pre-pathogenesis period ex; immunization/adjustment
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Secondary prevention is the early dagnosis and prompt treatment of diseases or injury to....
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limit disability or prevent more severe pathogenesis
ex; screening: decrease prevalence and progression and limit disability |
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tertiary prevention is the retaining and reeducation and rehabilitation of....
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the patient who has already incurred disability ex; physical therapy
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prevention of communicable disease
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prevention of pathogen includes?
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pasteurization
chlorination antibiotics antivirals |
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prevention- human reservoir includes?
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isolation
surveillance quarantine drug treatment |
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prevention w/ portal of exit includes?
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gowns
masks condoms hair nets insect repellent |
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prevention- of transmission includes?
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isolation
hand washing vector control sanitary engineering sneee glass sexual abstinence |
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Portal of entry?
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mask
condoms safety glasses insect repellent |
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prevention- establishment of disease in new host includes?
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immunization
hx education nutrition promotion sex abstinence |
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Primary prevention includes....
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good health behavior
hx education access to medical service chiro adjustment protection from hazards |
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secondary prevention includes?
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mass SCREENINGS (bl pressure, cholesterol)
-case finding measures adequeate health personnel -personal screening -cancer screening |
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tertiary prevention includes?
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adequate emergency medical personnel
support groups counseling retraining, reeducation, rehabilitation |