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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alper et al. determined that the average physician has _ questions for every 10 patients that they did not seek an answer for _ % of the time.
Most of these questions center around: _ |
3.2/10
64% answered Treatment |
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What are the goals of EBM?
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1. Improve physician practice patterns
2. Transform healthcare systems 3. Educate healthcare consumers 4. Guide healthcare programs & policies |
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(t/f) EBM is restricted to only randomized trials and complex meta analysis
t/f) EBM is cost cutting |
false.
false |
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What are the 4 questions you should ask regarding a study?
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Is the study valid?
What are the results? Will the results help in caring for my patient? How will the results change my clinical decisions? |
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The UptoDate article by Weintrobe, determined that diabetic patients have an increased risk of infections such as _
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acute cystitis (UTI)
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Weintrobe et al, defined bacteriuria as _
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two consecutive clean catch voided urine specimens with one bacterial species
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In women with _ the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria at baseline increases the risk of subsequent symptomatic UTI in an 18 month follow up. Ultimately, they concluded..
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Type 2 DM (not with Type 1)
To not treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetic women |
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Regarding the Weintrobe et al article, Studies showed that antibiotic therapy is associated with _reduction in symptomatic infection and (high/low) rate of recurrent bacteriuria once antibiotics were discontinued.
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NO
high |
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What are cardiac risk factors?
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Conditions: Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus
Behavioral Factors: Smoking, Diet, Physical inactivity, Obesity, Alcohol Other Factors: Genetics, Age, Gender, Elevated CRP, low estrogen (females) |
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What is moderate drinking?
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not more than two drinks a day for a male, not more than one standard drink for women.
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Prehypertension is _/_
Stage 1 hypertension (mild) is _/_ |
120-139/80-89
140-159/90-99 |
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Stage 2 hypertension (moderate) is _/_
Stage 3 (severe) is _/_ |
160-179/100-109
>180/110 |
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DASH stands for _
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Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, put more K+ into the body
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_ is the 3rd leading cause of death.
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stroke, cerebral vascular disease
there are 200,000 repeats a year |
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What are some risk factors for stroke?
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Hypertension, heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol, alcohol, genetics
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_ Maternal mortality is due to obstetric complications, omissions, interventions and sequelae
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direct
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_ maternal mortality is resulting from preexisting conditions aggravated by pregnancy.
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indirect
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What is the abortion rate?
What is the abortion ratio? |
# abortions/1000 women
# abortions/1000 live births |
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Neonatal mortality is deaths of infants under what age?
Infant mortality is deaths of _ |
under 28 days
under 1 year of age, but over 28 days |
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What are the 4 main components of preconception intervention?
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Maternal assessment
Vaccinations Screening Counseling |
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What are the risk factors to screen for chronic diseases in newborns?
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Diabetes
Hypertension Thyroid disease Autoimmunity |
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_ The leading cause of death amongst black infants and 2nd leading cause amongst white.
The primary cause for this is _ |
low birth weight (5.5 lbs)
prematurity |
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_ is the use of a controlled substance for a reason other that that for which is was intended. The pattern of this does not lead to disability/disfunction
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misuse
ex: using a drug for the side effect |
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_ is the use of controlled substance outside normal accepted standards resulting in disability/dysfunction
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abuse
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_ is use of controlled substance that involves illegal activity and places one in risk of harm
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catastrophic use
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_ is Either a need for increased amounts of substance to achieve the desired effect, or diminished effect despite continued use of the same amount of substance.
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tolerance
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_: Manifested by characteristic syndrome of sudden abstinence but may be relieved or avoided if the same or closely related substance is taken.
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Withdrawal:
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The key periods of risk for substance abuse center around _
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major transitions in children's lives (changing schools, transitions middle to high school)
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Alcohol is separated into _ and _.
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Risky/hazardous and harmful drinking
Risky: more than 7 drinks/wk for women or 14/men Harmful: currently experiencing some sort of harm |
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Acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a _ state, and can involve _
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hyperadrenergic state
tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations and seizures with severe withdrawal) |
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_ requires hospitalization, therefore _ withdrawal requires hospitalization
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Delirium tremens,
Severe alcohol |
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The most commonly intentionally abused OTC substances include:
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1. Anticholinergics - antihistamines, substituted as ecstacy
2. caffeine |
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Dextromethorphan is a _derivative widely used in cough and cold products since 1956.
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semi-synthetic morphine
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What are the palpatory findings in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
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T11-:2 (right side)
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_leads to demostrable increase in WBC count in peripheral blood
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Lymphatic pump technique
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Regarding OMM, COPD should not be treated with _.
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HVLA
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Accidents involve an interaction between :
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host, environment, and a vector
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The Haddon matrix relates _ to the _
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elements in the epidemiologic model
to the phases of injury sequence (pre-event, event, and post - event) |
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Using a motor vehicle accident as an example, what is the haddon matrix?
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Host - driver, agent - moving car, environment - highway
Primary preventiong: preventing the crash itself Seconday - using a seat belt Tertiary - preventing poor outcome once the injury has occurred (ER treatment) |
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The cost of injuries is the same magnitude to public health as _ and _
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obesity and smoking
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Regarding infants and toddlers:
_ is the leading cause of death in <1 year old. in 1-3 year olds it is _. The second leading cause of death is _ _ are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries |
unintentional suffocation
motor vehicle accidents drowning falls - injuries |
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Alcohol related MVAs account for _% of the total traffic deaths
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40
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Infants are at greatest risk of homicide during the _: highest on what day of life?
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first week of life
1st |
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_ is the Most common diagnosed cancer and 2nd most common cause of cancer death in females.
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breast cancer
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T/F: Most positive screening mammograms are true positives
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false
most are false positives |
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_ is the Third most common diagnosed cancer and third most common cancer related death for men and women
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colorectal cancer
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80% of all colorectal tumors identified on _alone.
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sigmoidoscopy
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Prostate cancer is the_ male cancer and _ cancer death in men
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Most frequent
second greatest |
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_ is the Second most common cancer and 1st amongst cancer related deaths male and female.
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lung cancer
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