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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is milk composed of?
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Butter fat
Solids non fat Water (added water-cryoscope test) Colostrum Transitional milk |
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What flavors are created by poor ventilation and/or improperly cleaned milking equipment?
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Cow barny flavors
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Rancid flavors are created by...
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Excessive milk agitation
Proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes present in milk |
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Foreign flavors are created by..
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Fly sprays, medications, etc.
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Name at least 2 of the 5 criteria that makes milk Grade A
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1. No objectionable odors
2. Bacterial count <100,000 cells 3. No drug residue 4. Somatic cell count <750,000 cells/ml 5. Bulk tank temperature of 40 degrees or less w/in 2 hours of milking and remain at or below this temp during storage |
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When is a standard plate count performed?
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Monthly
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What is the legal maximum for the standard plate count?
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100,000/ml
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What does the preliminary incubation count estimate?
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Shelf life
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The sanitary conditions on the farm relate to the _______________
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Preliminary incubation count
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During the PI count how long is the milk incubated and at what temperature?
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18 hours @ 55 degrees
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How many cells per ml is aimed for during the PI count?
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20,000 or less
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What are the thermoduric bacteria?
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Common in raw milk
Survive pasteurization Lactobacilli, Enterococci |
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What bacteria grow in cold temps, do not survive pasteurization, produce off flavors, have enzymes not inactivated by pasteurization and are the majority of the PI count?
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Psychrotropic bacteria
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Spore formers...
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Survive pasteurization
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What are some of the diseases/bacteria in milk that can be zoonotic?
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Brucella
Camphylobacter Coxiella E. coli O157:H7 Listeria Q Fever Salmonella Tuberculosis |
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How can you lower bacteria stemming from cow cleanliness?
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Improve cow housing and clipping of singeing
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What are the 4 sources of bacteria in milk?
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Cow cleanliness
Milking practices Cleaning of milk equipment and bulk tank Bulk tank |
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What can you do to decrease bacteria picked up during milking practices?
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Clean teats with disinfectant
Dry off teats |
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Acids kill what kind of bacteria?
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Thermoduric bacteria
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The bulk tank is kept at what temperature?
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40 degress
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How do you keep the bulk tank at 40 degrees?
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Mechanical temperature recordings
In line coolers Agitator |
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What are the 2 goals of pasteurization?
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Free milk of pathogens
To kill Coxiella burnetti |
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What 3 temperature and time combinations can be used for pasteurization?
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145 for 30 minutes
161 for 15 seconds 280 for 2 seconds |
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What does the somatic cell count indicate?
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Infection
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What is the number of cells associated with no infection?
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150,000/ml
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What is the number of cells associated with possible infection?
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150,000 - 500,000/ml
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What is the number of cells associated with probable infection?
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500,000/ml
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What is the maximum somatic cell count?
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750,000/ml
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What type of drugs is every truck checked for?
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B-lactams
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How do you avoid foreign material in the milk?
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Milk sock
Sedimentation test |
