Public Communication

Front 1

7 Features of Public Speaking/Basic Communication Transaction

Back 1

1. Speaker- sender
2. Listener- receiver
3. Message- content
4. Channel- way of message arrival
5. Feedback
6. Communication situation- setting
7. Culture

Front 2

Organizational patterns of speech

Back 2

Ethos
-Competence-the speaker's appearance of being informed, intelligent, and well-prepared.
-Integrity-the quality of being ethical, honest, and dependable.
-Likeableness-the quality of radiating goodness and goodwill and inspiring audience affection in return.
-Dynamism-impact made on listeners whenthey perceive a speaker as confident, decisive, and enthusiastic.

Front 3

Designs for Persuasive Speaking

Back 3

1.Problem-solution design-listeners are first persuaded that they have a problem and then are shown how to solve it.
2.Motivated sequence design-arouses attention,demonstrates a need, satisfys need, visualizes results, and calls to action
3.Refutative design-tries to raise doubts about, damage, or destroy an opposing position.

Front 4

Introduction

Back 4

-captures attention
-establishes your credibility
-previews your message

Front 5

Body

Back 5

-Fact-has been proven and are known
-Opinion-personal feeling
-Statistics-facts in numerical form
-Testimony
*expert testimony- comes from those qualified by training
*lay testimony- wisdom of ordinary people is highly regarded
*prestige testimony-associates your message w/words of a respected public figure
-Examples
*brief example- 1 or 2 sentences demonstrating sentence
*extended example-detailed and allows full demonstration
*factual example-based on an actual event or a real person
*hypothetical example- a composite of what could happen

Front 6

How to use body paragraphs...

Back 6

-comparison-showing similarities
-contrast- showing differences
-analogy-both comparing and contrasting
-figurative analogy- combines subjects from different realms of experience

Front 7

Conclusion

Back 7

-summarize message
-concluding remarks
-provides closure

Front 8

Visual Aids

Back 8

-pie graphs- show the relationships between parts and a whole
-bar graphs- highlight comparisons and contrasts
-line graphs- shows changes over time
-mountain graphs-variation of line graphs that use different colors to fill in the areas
-flow charts-used to outline the steps in a process or to show power and authority relationships within an organization
-sequence charts- are presented in succession can be especially effective in speeches to emphasize and illustrate various stages in a process
-textual graphics-lists of phrases,words, or numbers

Front 9

Researching the speech and support for the speech

Back 9

-General function- to inform, to persuade, or to celebrate
-specific purpose- what you want your listeners to understand, believe, feel, or do

Front 10

listening skills and duties

Back 10

-hearing- the ability to hear physically
-listening- attaches meaning to hearing
-constructive- reaching an understanding w/the speaker
*critical-judgmental listening
*appreciative- listen for enjoyment
*empathic- interpersonal listening
*comprehensive-listening to learn

Front 11

4 primary types of audiences

Back 11

pedestrian
passive
selected
conserted

Front 12

four types of speaking

Back 12

•Impromptu- speaking with little or no preparation; relying on what you already know; no time to get nervous
•Memorized- organized and structured; stage presence; memorize ideas instead of exact words cause you may forget it
•Manuscript- a read speech.
•Extemporaneous- a well researched, rehearsed, and organized content combined with your own personal art, flare, style, and demeanor of delivery.

Front 13

five ways to persuade

Back 13

1.Adoption- to start doing something…to start thinking a certain way
2.Continuance-motivational speech to continue or encourage one on the same path
3.Discontinuance- persuade to stop something that they were already doing
4.Deterrence- issuing the dangers or of avoidance…precautionary speech
5.Pro/ Con strategy- being neutral about one of the two items

Front 14

narrowing topic

Back 14

-General function- to inform, to persuade, or to celebrate
-specific purpose- what you want your listeners to understand, believe, feel, or do

Front 15

guidelines of language use

Back 15

Six C's
-clarity
-color
-correctness
-concreteness
-conciseness
-cultural sensitivity

Figurative Language
-metaphor-surprises us with implied, unusual comparison.
-simile-signals and softens the comparison with words such as like or as
-personification-attributes human form and feeling to inanimate objects
-enduring metaphors-metaphors that transcend time and cultural boundaries
-culturetypes-words taht express the values, identity, and goals of a group
-words tahat express a country's basic political beliefs

-Antithesis-presenting contrasting ideas in parallel phrases
-Inversion-chaging the expected word order
-Parallel construction-repetition of words/phrases at beginning or end of sentences

-Alliteration- repetition of initial sounds in closely connected words
-Onomatopoeia-words taht imitate natural sounds

Front 16

informative speaking

Back 16

speech aimed at extending understanding

Front 17

persuasive speaking

Back 17

speech intended to influence the attitudes or actions of listeners