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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why Study Public Administration?
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Government guards public safety, order, and assists citizens. Public officials make civilized life possible. Interdependent nature of business, non-profits, and government. Makes you a more informed citizen and better consumer of public services. Provides a wealth of challenging employment opportunities.
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What is Abraham Lincoln's definition of Public Administration?
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The "legitimate object of government..[is] to do for a community of people, whatever they need to have done, but cannot do, at all, or cannot, so well do, for themselves - in their separate and individual capacities"
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What is the definition of public administration?
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PA consists of the managerial and political processes that occur in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches for the purposes of creating, implementing, and assessing public policy.
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What are the differences between the public and private sectors?
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Differences include: Motivation, Leadership turnover, Fragmentation of Authority, Goals, Goal Clarity, Goal Memorability, Personnel Systems, Management Timeframe/Length of Time Perspective, Formal constraint, Informal constraints (such as shareholders in the private sector), Strategy and planning, Values, Funding, Accountability and public scrutiny
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What is the sing greatest difference between the public and private sector?
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Accountability
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What is the Politics-Administration dichotomy? Who's idea is this?
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The politics-administration dichotomy is the idea that politics and public administration should be separate. This idea is said to have originated with Woodrow Wilson.
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What are Leonard White's four assumptions in regards to PA?
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Administration is an unitary process that can be studied uniformly at the federal, state, and local levels.
The basis for study is management, not law Administration is still art, but the ideal of transforming to science is both feasible and worthwhile Administration "has become, and will continue to be the heart of the problem of modern government." |
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What is the most accurate way to measure the growth of Government?
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By studying government expenditures
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What are the three types of government expenditures?
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Purchasing goods and services, transferring income and paying interest on money borrowed.
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Why has government grown?
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Many reasons. First the economy is more complex. As well, political factors and national defense spending have caused the government to grow?
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What is Pluralism in regards to government growth?
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Pluralism is the competition between groups to maximize gains and minimize losses
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What is Clientelism in regards to government growth?
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It is the creation of government agencies in response to specific interest groups.
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What is Populism in regards to government growth?
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Populism is a form of grassroots movements supporting the struggle against social economic elite
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What is the Threshold effect?
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The idea that certain national disturbances cause a permanent jump in government expenditures
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What are the types of market failure?
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Monopoly, Externalitites, Public Goods and Incomplete information
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What are the goals of Federalism?
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Decentralization of power, limited government
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Why does federalism matter in PA?
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Fragmented authority leads to the need for intergovernmental relations
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What are the advantages of Federalism?
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* Adapting programs to meet local needs
* You can retain your values and needs * Prevents one group from holding too much power * Laboratory of democracy - encourages creation and diffusion of innovation * Relieves burden on central government * Localized political conflict; more manageable * Allows for more political participation |
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What are the disadvantages of Federalism?
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Disadvantages of Federalism
* Subnational gov'ts don't account for externalities * Difficulty coordinating = administrative confusion * Checks & Balances = Delay & Inaction * Local priorities more important than regional/national needs * Inequity in provision of services * Unequal funding an the like |
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What are the two major types of grants?
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Categorical Grants and Block Grants
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What are different types of Categorical grants?
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Project grants and Formula grants
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Which is more common, Categorical grants or Block grants?
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Categorical
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Which type of grant is preferred by state and local government?
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Block grants
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What constitutional rules encourage inter/intrastate cooperation?
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* Full Faith and Credit
* Each state agrees to another's official acts * Extradition * Privileges and Immunities * Interstate Compacts |
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Who makes up the Iron Triangle?
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Agencies, interest groups, and Congressional committees
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What is Social Capital?
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Trust and relationships that bring and keep people together
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What is Civic Engagement?
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Meaningful connections between citizens and government
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Why is Civil Society important?
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It helps establish a country's moral character and sense of purpose
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What are factions in James Madison's eyes?
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They are groups that pursue their own interests without regard to the rest of society
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What are the downsides of Social Capital?
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* Gangs of New York -political clout/influence as a group
* Exclusionary effects * Strong group ties that makes it harder for people to get in * Conformity enhancing effects * Strong social and economic class pressures * Ethnic pressures that kinda |
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What is Putnam's Bowling alone?
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* People join fewer groups
* Not affected by education * TV is the chief cause of disengagement in civic life * Professionals join national organizations to promote business/professional interests |
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What is the Bounded Rationality form of decision making?
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When you make a rational decision you look at all sides to make the best decision
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What is Satisficing?
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Finding a compromise. word is comprised of satisfy and suffice
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What is the definition of Organization?
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Structured system of roles and functional relationships designed to carry out certain activities or policies
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What is the definition of Theory?
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Roadmap to understanding the world - the connections among the facts
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What is the definition of Organizational Theory?
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Overarching framework for studying organizations
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What is Weberian/Ideal Organizational Bureaucracy?
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Most rational form of organizations - attempts to maximize control in a hierarchical manner
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What are the Characteristics of Weberian/Ideal Organizational Bureaucracy?
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Characteristics
* Division of labor * Chain of Command * Written Documents * Foster accountability * Rules and regulations |
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What are the faults of Weberian/Ideal Organizational Bureaucracy?
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* Hard to get things done
* Hard to go through the chain of command * Oppresses individual liberties * Dehumanizing |
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What is the Scientific Management theory of organization?
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It is the theory that management's main task is to maximize effeciency
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What are the characteristics of the Scientific Management theory of organization?
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Characteristics
* Time and motion studies * Study how best to maximize efficiency * Select best workers for the task * Develop workers for most efficient results * "Sell" scientific management to the employees * Clearly distinguish "line" vs. "staff" |
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What does POSDCORB stand for?
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* Planning
* Organizing * Staffing * Directing * Coordinating * Reporting * maintaining records * Budgeting |
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What is the Administrative Management theory of organization?
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Strong chief executive to coordinate and control to achieve organizational objectives
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What is the Public Choice Theory?
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People and organizations do something only if they expect material gain from it; materially self-interested
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The New Public Administration
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Public servants should be more aggressive in solving social problems
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The New Public Management
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Try to make public sector more like private sector
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What is an adhocracy?
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Made up of teams and task forces, nasa is a good example
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What are Extrinsic Rewards?
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External material or nonmaterial rewards
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What are Intrinsic Rewards?
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Personal satisfaction/self-esteem after doing a good job
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What is Alderfer's ERG?
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Stands for Existance, relatedness and growth
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What is the Hawthorne Effect?
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States that productivity can be affected by social forces
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What is the Functions of the Executive theory?
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Attempts to bring informal organizations under formal management control
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What is Theory X?
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Traditional Theory of motivation involving Sticks and Carrots
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What is Theory Y?
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People want to innovate/be imaginative. Management is responsible for making the environment to meet these needs.
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What is the Goal Setting Theory?
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Management should set specific goals, not try to make work more challenging/fulfilling
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What is necessary for goal setting theory to work?
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Goals should be
* Challenging * Clear * Commitment * Feedback * Complexity * Too complex = GST less effective |
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What is Nominal Grouping?
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Working together in a group but working silently until the end
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