Public Health 1 - Public Health

Front 1

What is the fundamental Maxim of Public Health?

Back 1

The health of the individual is best ensured by maintaining and improving the health of the community.

Front 2

Public Health Definition

Back 2

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society.

Front 3

Public Health is...

Back 3

The process of mobilizing local, state/provincial, national and international resources to assure the conditions in which all people can be healthy

Front 4

What is the goal of public health?

Back 4

The biologic, physical and mental well-being of all members of the global society

Front 5

What are some examples of global health?

Back 5

Ebola outbreak, 2008 Infant Formula Epidemic, South-Asian Malaria outbreak, West Nile Virus Outbreak, Dementia, Measles (because of lack of vaccinations), Zika, Obesity/Diabetes

Front 6

Zika Virus Facts/Symptoms

Back 6

The agent was Flavivirus (Yellow Fever, West Nile, Dengue). The symptoms are mild and include fever, rash, joint paint, conjunctivitis, muscle pain and headaches. There is no treatment and aspirin should be avoided. It crosses the placenta which affects pregnancy with microcephaly and damage to the fetus.

Front 7

Epidemic of Obesity/Diabetes

Back 7

Hispanic/Latino and African-Americans have a higher rate of obesity and diabetes.

Front 8

Trends in life expectancy by country

Back 8

High income, developed countries have higher life expectancies. Most are in Europe, US is not in top 10. Life expectancy also correlates positively with GDP.

Front 9

Population control and the elderly

Back 9

If less children are being born, the elderly will outnumber the younger people and there will not be anyone to care for them.

Front 10

What are some reasons for increased longevity?

Back 10

Improved sanitation, clean water, improved housing, universal immunization, health education/prevention practices and improved treatment and prevention of chronic diseases.

Front 11

Top 10 causes of death worldwide

Back 11

Heart disease and cerebrovascular disease make up 23%. Other diseases make up the rest such as HIV/Aids, diabetes, diarrhea, infections etc... Non-communicable diseases make up most deaths rather than communicable diseases

Front 12

DALY and Climate Change

Back 12

Climate change has shortened the lives of poorer nations such as southeast Asia, Africa and Eastern Mediterranean. More developed nations have lost less years.

Front 13

Non-communicable diseases deaths throughout the years

Back 13

In 1999, they took up 7 of the top 15 Non-communicable deaths. In 2020, they will take up 10 of the 15, with most being in the upper reaches.

Front 14

What are the Non-Communicable diseases?

Back 14

Heart Disease, Major Depression, Road Traffic Injuries, Cerebrovascular Disease, Pulmonary Disease, War, Violence, Self-Inflicted Injuries etc.

Front 15

What are the Communicable diseases?

Back 15

Malaria, HIV, Tuberculosis, Measles, Diarrhea, Perinatal Conditions

Front 16

What are the leading causes of deaths in the US

Back 16

Heart Disease, Cancer, Suicide, Kidney Disease, Diabetes, Alzheimer's, Strokes, Accidents

Front 17

Are there differences in the deaths among white, black, hispanic and asians?

Back 17

Not really, cardiovascular and malignant problems, diabetes and such are pretty similar.

Front 18

Is breast cancer the leading cause of death in women?

Back 18

No! It's Lung and Bronchus problems. Breast Cancer is 2nd.

Front 19

Is it important for parents to get vaccinations for their children?

Back 19

Yes because if every kid is vaccinated, chances of immunity and eradication go up significantly. If kids aren't vaccinated, immunity can't happen.

Front 20

Problems with US healthcare

Back 20

The US spends most money on healthcare compared to other countries, but we don't have universal healthcare for all residents

Front 21

What contributes most to premature deaths?

Back 21

Behavioral patterns (such as bad driving, smoking, guns, sexual behavior, alcohol, drugs, obesity etc) and genetic predispositions take up 70%.

Front 22

What behavioral causes cause the most deaths?

Back 22

Smoking and Obesity

Front 23

What are the leading causes of deaths in 15-24 age?

Back 23

Suicide, Homicide and unintentional injuries

Front 24

What is more deadlier than autos and guns?

Back 24

Drugs

Front 25

Do white people have a higher life expectancy than black people?

Back 25

Yes. Females also have a higher life expectancy than men.

Front 26

What are some major preventable risk factors?

Back 26

Substance Abuse, Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, environmental/occupational hazards

Front 27

What are some strategies of public health?

Back 27

1. Assess the current health situation through surveys, surveillance and morbidity/mortality ratings.

2. Identify the problem

3. Research correlations

4. Develop interventions

5. Disseminate Results

6. Influence policy to incorporate results

Front 28

What are some intervention strategies?

Back 28

Immunization Programs, health education, behavioral modification strategies, community interventions, structural interventions.