Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
306 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Is there a general definition of "physical therapy"?
|
No
- Differs by state - APTA suggests limits & guidelines |
|
|
|
What document(s) did APTA create to aid states in defining "physical therapy"?
|
- Model Definition of Physical Therapy for State Practice Acts (2000)
now called: - Guidelines: Physical Therapist Scope of Practice (2005, 2009) |
|
|
|
What is the PT scope of practice? ***
|
Care provided by or supervised by a PT
Examination, diagnosis, prognosis Alleviate impairment/functional limitation by implementing therapeutic intervention Prevent injury/limitation/disability and promote health & wellness Consultation, education, research |
|
|
|
Who can provide physical therapy to a patient?
|
PTs and PTAs working under direction of PT are the ONLY ones who can provide physical therapy (2011)
* They are the only ones who can document it as well |
|
|
|
What must a PT do before providing treatment?
|
Examination
Evaluation Diagnosis/Prognosis |
|
|
|
PTs & PTAs provide interventions that...
|
alleviate impairments and functional limitations
|
|
|
|
What is the Nagi Model of Disablement?
|
It describes how
- active pathology - creates impairment, - which creates functional limitations, - which create a disability that progressively affect a person from the cellular level, to the body system level, to the whole person level, to the level of the person's relationship with society E.g., OA (pathology) creates joint pain (impairment), which leads to inability to lift hands above head to dress and groom (functional limitation) which results in inability to leave the house, work, etc. (disability) |
|
|
|
What is the Medical Model of Disability?
|
A sociopolitical model by which illness or disability, being the result of a physical condition, and which is intrinsic to the individual (it is part of that individual’s own body), may reduce the individual's quality of life, and causes clear disadvantages to the individual.
|
|
|
|
The Nagi model focuses on:
|
functional ability and limitations resulting from medical condition
|
|
|
|
How does the Texas practice act define physical therapy? ***
|
“Physical therapy means a form of health care that prevents, identifies, corrects, or alleviates acute or prolonged movement dysfunction or pain of anatomic or physiologic origin.” (2009)
|
|
|
|
What do the Texas rules for the practice of physical therapy outline?
|
The evaluation, examination, and utilization of exercises, rehabilitative procedures, massage, manipulations, physical agents (lists agents and other specific procedures) (2010)
|
|
|
|
What are the three "traditional" professions?
|
Law, Medicine, and Religion
|
|
|
|
What are Moore's characteristics of a profession? ***
|
(In hierarchy from lowest to highest)
1) Lifetime commitment (PTs/PTAs don't generally leave the profession) 2) Representative organization (standards, regulations, structure, and communications) 3) Specialized education (to ensure competency) 4) Service to clients (patients) 5) Autonomy of judgement (a professional vs. a technician) |
|
|
|
What is the primary purpose of PT as a health profession? ***
|
Primary purpose – promotion of optimal health and function
|
|
|
|
How do PT professionals promote optimal health and function? ***
|
Through application of scientific principles in evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention to prevent and remediate impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities related to movement and health
|
|
|
|
In what areas of specialized competence do PT professionals function? ***
|
They
- develop new principles and applications to meet changing and emerging health needs, and also - perform research, education, consultation, and administrative functions |
|
|
|
To what times and areas does PT trace its early roots? ***
|
To the Chinese (massage in 3000 BC), Romans,and Greeks (massage and hydrotherapy) and to more modern Europe, especially England and France
|
|
|
|
What finally brought physical therapy techniques to the United States? ***
|
The polio epidemics of 1894, 1914, and 1916; and
the outbreak of World War I Surgeon General sent doctors to England and France to learn techniques for managing war wounded |
|
|
|
What was the Vermont Plan? ***
|
A statewide program to study the cause and effects of polio
|
|
|
|
Who comprised the Vermont Plan healthcare teams? ***
|
Orthopedic surgeons, public health nurses, physiotherapists (a.k.a., physicians' assistants), brace makers, and stenographers.
|
|
|
|
Who developed the training plan for reconstruction aides, and when? ***
|
Marguerite Sanderson, in 1917-1918
|
|
|
|
Who was Mary McMillan? ***
|
The first PT in the US (although she was trained in Europe) and the first president of the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association.
|
|
|
|
Where, when, and by whom was the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association formed? ***
|
In NYC on 15 January 1921 by a group of 30 reconstruction aides and 5 physicians
|
|
|
|
Where and when were the first PT programs taught? ***
|
1918 at Walter Reed (under Marguerite Sanderson)
|
|
|
|
What happened to the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association in 1922? ***
|
It became the American Physiotherapy Association
|
|
|
|
What did the American Physiotherapy Association establish in 1928? ***
|
An accreditation program
|
|
|
|
Who assisted the American Physiotherapy Association in establishing their curriculum in 1933? ***
|
The American Medical Assoction
|
|
|
|
What are the five elements of the patient/client management model? ***
|
1) Examination - gather data to determine nature or status of condition;
2) Evaluation - clinical judgment to interpret findings, establish diagnosis and prognosis; 3) Diagnosis - (PT diagnosis v. MD diagnosis) together with 4) Prognosis to determine a plan of care, predict improvement, length of time needed, and goals; 5) Intervention - administer the plan, modify it as needed, and repeat as necessary to meet goals |
|
|
|
On which disorders/systems do PTs focus?
|
Disorders of the
- musculoskeletal, - neuromuscular, - cardiopulmonary, and - integumentary systems |
|
|
|
What is a patient?
|
Individual who has a disorder that requires interventions to improve his/her function
|
|
|
|
What is a client?
|
Individual who seeks the services of a PT to maintain health, or a business that hires a PT for consulation.
|
|
|
|
What came of the Surgeon General-ordered visitation to Europe by U.S. doctors in 1917?
|
The Division of Special Hospitals and Physical Reconstruction was created.
|
|
|
|
What was a reconstruction aide? ***
|
Women who provided physical reconstruction to war wounded.
|
|
|
|
What were the initial goals of the American Women's Physical Therapeutics Association? ***
|
Professional/scientific standards,
advanced study, and information sharing |
|
|
|
What was the first official journal of the American Women's Physical Therapeutics Association? When was it first published?
|
P. T. Review
published in 1921 |
|
|
|
Why did the American Women's Physical Therapeutics Association ally with the American Medical Association? ***
|
To take advantage of their programs and to help gain recognition
|
|
|
|
When were the first men admitted to the American Physiotherapy Association?
|
1923 (two were admitted)
|
|
|
|
What happened to the P.T. Review in 1926?
|
It became Physiotherapy Review
|
|
|
|
What were two major issues facing the American Physiotherapy Association? ***
|
1) identity - MDs saw them as technicians; they saw themselves as professionals, and
2) educational requirements - there was no standard in place until a program was established in 1928 |
|
|
|
What ultimately helped aid the establishment of an identity for PTs?
|
when, in the 1940s, the American Medical Association established "physical medicine" as a specialty
|
|
|
|
How many programs were initially accredited in 1930?
|
11
|
|
|
|
To whom did the American Physiotherapy Association look when they were having accreditation issues in 1933? ***
|
The American Medical Association
|
|
|
|
What did the American Medical Association help the American Physiotherapy Association publish in 1936?
|
The Essentials of an Acceptable School for Physical Therapy Technicians
|
|
|
|
How many schools were accredited after the joint American Medical Association/American Physiotherapy Association publication of The Essentials of an Acceptable School for Physical Therapy Technicians?
|
13
|
|
|
|
When was the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis founded?
|
1938
|
|
|
|
Who was the Director of Professional Education for the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1944? ***
|
Catherine Worthingham (she was also a past president of the American Physiotherapy Association)
|
|
|
|
How did the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis benefit the American Physiotherapy Association? ***
|
National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis:
- provided scholarships to recruit and retain PT students and faculty, - provided funds to hire a recruiter to find PTs for emergency work related to polio, - and provided financial support for techniques fostered by Sister Elizabeth Kenney for those with polio (e.g., use of moist heat to permit mobilization and prevent contractures) |
|
|
|
How did the U.S. Army perceive PTs after World War II? ***
|
They saw the need to retain them and created the Women's Medical Specialist Corps in 1947.
|
|
|
|
When was the Women's Medical Specialist Corps established? ***
|
1947
|
|
|
|
Who was the first chief of the Women's Medical Specialist Corps? ***
|
Col Emma Vogel
|
|
|
|
What happened to the Women's Medical Specialist Corps in 1955? ***
|
it became the Army Medical Specialist Corps to allow men and women to serve with commissions in the military
|
|
|
|
In what event did PTs play a prominent role in in 1951?
|
The field trials of the Salk vaccine
|
|
|
|
When physical medicine was established as a specialty in the 1940s, what were its practitioners called?
|
Physiatrists
|
|
|
|
When were PTs finally able to practice physical therapy (and called physical therapists)? ***
|
In the post-World War II period, when "physiatrist" became the title for an MD who practiced physical medicine.
|
|
|
|
When was the American Physiotherapy Association renamed the APTA? ***
|
1947
|
|
|
|
What happened to Physiotherapy Review in 1962?
|
It became Physical Therapy
|
|
|
|
When was the "technicians" title dropped from the PT title?
|
In 1955, when the Essentials of an Acceptable School for Physical Therapy Technicians was substantially revised
|
|
|
|
When did APTA headquarters move to Washington DC?
|
1971
|
|
|
|
When was the requirement for a PT to have a post-baccalaureate degree instated? ***
|
in policy of 1979, to be in place 31 December 1990
|
|
|
|
When was the baccalaureate degree established as the minimum education level for PTs? ***
|
1950-1960
|
|
|
|
When were state licensure laws enacted? ***
|
1958
|
|
|
|
What happened to the Social Security Act in 1965? ***
|
It was amended to include Medicare and Medicaid
|
|
|
|
When was policy regarding PTAs passed by APTA? ***
|
1967 (after the Social Security Act was amended in 1965 to include Medicare/Medicaid the career field needed help with the rise in patient load)
|
|
|
|
When did the first PTAs graduate, and from where? ***
|
15 graduated from schools in FL and MN in 1969
- Miami Dade College - St. Mary's Junior College (now Minneapolis Campus of St. Catherine University) |
|
|
|
When did TX issue its first PT license? ***
|
1972
|
|
|
|
What is unique about St. Philip's PTA program? ***
|
It was the first accredited AAS program in the state of TX
|
|
|
|
What happened to the APTA/AMA collaboration in 1983? ***
|
The two split over APTAs objection to AMA involvement in accreditation of programs
|
|
|
|
What is the Commission on Accreditation in Education? ***
|
(the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education/CAPTE)
the sole agency for accrediting PT/PTA programs since 1983 |
|
|
|
What marked the maturity of the PT profession?
|
When the Commission on Accreditation in Education became the sole accrediting agency for PT/PTA programs; APTA was out from under AMA influence
|
|
|
|
What is direct access? ***
|
The right to conduct patient exams and interventions without an MD's referral.
|
|
|
|
What are the benefits of direct access?
|
- reduced health costs by eliminating an MD visit,
- ability to begin therapy more quickly without waiting for MD appointment and referral |
|
|
|
What were the first and second states with direct access? When did they enact it?
|
Nebraska in 1957
California in 1968 |
|
|
|
What did APTA create in 1978?
|
The American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
|
|
|
|
What is The American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties?
|
A mechanism for PTs to become certified and recognized as clinical specialists in certain practice areas.
|
|
|
|
What spurred research to support physical therapy interventions?
|
The insurance industry was increasingly challenging health care costs
|
|
|
|
How did the career field respond to insurance companies challenging its worthiness?
|
by establishing the Foundation for Physical Therapy in 1979 to promote and support research in physical therapy
|
|
|
|
What effect did skyrocketing health care costs have on the career field in the 1990s? ***
|
Managed health care and the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 took over and the type, number,and amount of services were tightly controlled; this caused salaries to drop and positions to be cut--unemployment loomed
|
|
|
|
What document was released in 1995?
|
The Guide to PT Practice
|
|
|
|
What effect did the 1995 Guide to PT Practice have on the career field?
|
it identified areas of needed research and spurred Hooked on Evidence program to promote evidence-based practice; drove faculty scholarship
|
|
|
|
What lobbying was APTA involved in in the 1990s? ***
|
- to protect patient rights in managed care, and
- to lift the Medicare funding cap for therapy |
|
|
|
When did PTAs get their own body of representation in the national assembly?
|
1998
|
|
|
|
What are the 6 key components of the APTA Vision Statement for PT 2020 (Vision 2020)? ***
|
1) autonomous practice
2) direct access 3) practitioner of choice 4) DPT 5) evidence-based practice 6) professionalism |
|
|
|
How did the APTA Board of Directors define "autonomous practice" in 2003?
|
PTs can exercise professional judgment to practice within their scope (autonomy being one of the highest characteristics of a profession)
|
|
|
|
How many states had direct access by 2007?
|
45 and District of Columbia
|
|
|
|
What transition did Vision 2020 spur? ***
|
a move toward DPT as the standard
|
|
|
|
When and where from did the first DPT class graduate?
|
from Creighton University in Omaha, NE in 1996
|
|
|
|
When is the DPT required? ***
|
31 December 2015
|
|
|
|
In 2005, the Representative Body of the National Assembly was replaced by:
|
the PTA Caucus
|
|
|
|
What are the core values of professionalism in Physical Therapy?
|
Social Responsibility - mutual trust with the public
Professional Duty - meeting obligations Accountability - accept responsibility Compassion/Caring - identify and empathize with patient Excellence Altruism - patient needs above self-interest Integrity - upholding high ethics and standards |
SPACE AI
|
|
|
Who was Emma Vogel? ***
|
A reconstruction aide who trained under Mary McMillan,
became lead instructor at Walter Reed, and eventually, the first chief (as a Colonel) of the Women's Medical Specialist Corps established in 1947. |
|
|
|
Which were the last two states to enact PT licensure laws?
|
Texas and Mississippi
|
|
|
|
Where was the first accredited PTA school?
|
Pennsylvania (a certificate-granting program)
|
|
|
|
When was CAPTE recognized as the independent accrediting agency for the PT profession?
|
1977
|
|
|
|
When was the Direct Access Policy adopted by APTA? ***
|
1982
|
|
|
|
What does APTA's Direct Access Policy state? ***
|
That PT practice be independent of physician referral.
|
|
|
|
How is direct access enacted?
|
It has to be passed by individual state legislatures.
|
|
|
|
What is Texas' direct access status? ***
|
Texas passed Direct Access in 1991 (with limitations).
|
|
|
|
What are the seven roles in which a PT might participate? ***
|
Direct patient care
Prevention and wellness Patient/Client model Consultation Education Research (Critical Inquiry) Administration |
|
|
|
What is the primary role of the PT? ***
|
Direct patient care
|
|
|
|
What does the APTA Standards of Practice for Physical Therapy describe? ***
|
Conditions and performances that are essential for provision of high quality physical therapy
|
|
|
|
What are primary, secondary, and tertiary care? ***
|
Primary Care - where the majority of health needs are met. (Usually PCP.)
Secondary care - usually provided by clinicians on referral basis. Tertiary care - services provided by specialists. |
|
|
|
How else was direct access referred to? ***
|
Practice without referral
Autonomous practice |
|
|
|
What is the APTA definition for direct access? ***
|
The right of the public to directly access physical therapists for evaluation, examination, and intervention. The public is best served when access is unrestricted
|
|
|
|
According to the slides, how many states have direct access?
|
42 (vice the 45 claimed in the book as of 2007 - pg 17)
|
|
|
|
What are the restrictions/provisions for direct access in Texas? ***
|
- PT may treat patients for a condition if they previously treated that same condition, and the initial episode was within the last year;
- PT must notify referring HCP within 5 days; - Therapy must not be > 20 treatment sessions or 30 consecutive days, whichever comes first; - PT must have at least 1 year experience; and - PT may provide physical assessment or instruction to an asymptomatic person without referral (prevention and wellness) |
|
|
|
What has spurred demand for physical therapy services recently?
|
- Aging population,
- Entitlement of children in public schools to health care, - Interest in physical fitness, and - Actions of insurance companies to contain rising health care costs |
|
|
|
What is the foremost core document approved by the House of Delegates of APTA? ***
|
The Standards of Practice for Physical Therapy
|
|
|
|
What are the major subsections of the Standards of Practice for Physical Therapy? ***
|
I - Ethical/Legal Considerations
II - Administration of the Physical Therapy Service III - Patient/Client Management IV - Education V - Research VI - Community Responsibility |
|
|
|
Who else may provide primary care for an individual?
|
Family and community members
|
|
|
|
At what level of care are PTs engaged, primary, secondary, or tertiary? ***
|
They are engaged at all three levels, but most often secondary and tertiary
|
|
|
|
To where is the entry point for physical therapy services shifting? ***
|
Primary care (direct access)
|
|
|
|
What is another term for direct access?
|
Practice without referral
|
|
|
|
With whom does a PT collaborate?
|
- Other health care professionals (MD, RN, OT, DDS, SLP, social worker, orthotists/prosthetists), and
- Other individuals (e.g., educators, attorneys, and insurers) |
|
|
|
What categories of wellness services do PTs provide? ***
|
Screening and Prevention
|
|
|
|
What is screening? ***
|
PT determines whether physical therapy or other services are needed (e.g., in schools or nursing homes, and usually by a PTA at first); in Texas, you must have a standardized form (per lecture)
|
|
|
|
What is prevention? ***
|
PT provides services designed to prevent, limit, or reduce pain and dysfunction
|
|
|
|
What are some examples of PT prevention services? ***
|
- Analysis of ergonomics (worker, task, environment),
- Functional capacity evaluation (physical ability of worker), |
|
|
|
What is ergonomics?
|
The relationship among the worker, the worker's tasks, and the work environment
|
|
|
|
What is a work-conditioning program? ***
|
Focuses on the physical dysfunction
|
|
|
|
What is a work-hardening program? ***
|
Includes the focus on the physical dysfunction (work-conditioning), but also behavior and vocational managment.
|
|
|
|
What is the goal of work-conditioning and work-hardening programs? ***
|
To return the individual to work.
|
|
|
|
What elements may comprise a prevention program?
|
- History questionnaire,
- Medical screening and evaluation, - Exercise performance, - Consultation, and - Reassessment |
|
|
|
How do PTs function in health promotion and wellness activities?
|
Both as consultants and as providers of health care
|
|
|
|
What is the patient/client management model? ***
|
A summary of what PTs do as clinicians
|
|
|
|
Where is the patient/client management model from? ***
|
The Guide to Physical Therapist Practice
|
|
|
|
What is a functional capacity evaluation?
|
An evaluation of the physical ability of the worker
|
|
|
|
Who are sources of information for the examination portion of the patient/client management model?
|
patient/client
caregivers medical records other health professionals |
|
|
|
A systems review in the examination portion of the patient/client management model constitutes:
|
examining the anatomic and physiologic status of the musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiopulmonary, and integumentary systems as well as cognitive abilities
|
|
|
|
After a systems review in the examination portion of the patient/client management model, the PT:
|
Conducts tests and measures (as presented in "the Guide")
|
|
|
|
The examination portion of the patient/client management model comprises:
|
history
systems review tests and measures |
|
|
|
What is an evaluation?
|
A clinical judgment based on data gathered through history, systems review, tests and measures, etc.
|
|
|
|
What are assessments?
|
Assigned values resulting from tests and measurements conducted during the examination portion of the patient/client management model.
|
|
|
|
What is a diagnosis?
|
The categorization of the findings from the examination through a defined process
|
|
|
|
A diagnosis is established in accordance with:
|
Policy adopted by the House of delegates of the APTA, which recognizes professional and autonomous judgment of the PT and stipulates responsibility for referral to other healthcare practitioners when warranted
|
|
|
|
What is a prognosis?
|
A prediction of the level of improvement and the time needed to reach that level
|
|
|
|
A plan of care is a course of treatment that incorporates:
|
- Expectations of patient/client,
- Short- and long-term goals (alleviation of impairments), - Outcomes (results of interventions), - Interventions (type and frequency), and - Discharge criteria |
|
|
|
What constitutes a good goal?
|
- Measureable,
- Involves the patient/client or family member, - Linked to the impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities |
|
|
|
What is intervention?
|
The last step in the patient/client management model, when the PT/PTA conducts procedures with the patient/client to achieve the desired outcomes
|
|
|
|
What are the three components of intervention?
|
- Coordination, communication, and documentation;
- Patient/Client-related instruction; and - Procedural intervention |
|
|
|
What is available to assist PTs in coordination, communication, and documentation?
|
APTA's Physical Therapy Documentation for Patient/Client Management
|
|
|
|
What does SOAP stand for?
|
- Subjective (what the patient/client or family member describes,
- Objective (what the PT observes or measures) - Assessment (clinical judgment based on examination; includes goals), and - Plan (plan of care) |
|
|
|
What method of documentation combines the best attributes of both narrative and standardized form documentation?
|
The SOAP note
|
|
|
|
From where does the SOAP note originate?
|
From the problem-oriented medical record system introduced by Weed in 1969
|
|
|
|
What is the third (often overlooked) method of communication?
|
Nonverbal
|
|
|
|
What constitutes nonverbal communication?
|
Facial expressions, body posture, gestures
|
|
|
|
Mehrabian's breakdown of communication:
|
- 55% of impact from facial espression,
- 38% from vocal component, and - 7% from actual words |
|
|
|
What can nonverbal communication impart?
|
Honest emotions (fear, pain, pleasure) that a person may be suppressing
|
|
|
|
What is patient/client-related instruction?
|
Education and training of the patient/client and caregivers regarding the plan of care and environmental transitions
|
|
|
|
What should be incorporated into patient/client-related instruction?
|
The learning styles and abilities of the patient/client and caregiver
|
|
|
|
What is procedural intervention?
|
The major therapeutic interaction between the PT/PTA and the patient/client
|
|
|
|
What is the difference between "high touch" and "high tech"?
|
"High touch" is manual techniques of therapy,
"high tech" is equipment-intensive therapy |
|
|
|
Which is the first method of intervention that should be used, according to the Guide's preferred order of procedural interventions?
|
Therapeutic exercise
|
|
|
|
Which is the last method of intervention that should be used, according to the Guide's preferred order of procedural interventions?
|
Physical agents and mechanical modalities
|
|
|
|
What are the two processes by which physical therapy is terminated? ***
|
- Discharge - goals/outcomes have been achieved based on PT's judgment, or
- Discontinuation - either the patient/client decides to terminate services; can no longer continue due to medical/financial issues; or the PT believes further intervention will not improve status |
|
|
|
What two types of consultation do PTs provide? ***
|
Patient-centered consultation, and
Client-centered consultation |
|
|
|
What is patient-centered consultation? ***
|
PT makes recommendations for current or proposed physical therapy plan of care (usually involves examination, not intervention)
|
|
|
|
What is client-centered consultation? ***
|
Expert opinion or advice not directly involving patient care, such as court testimony, architectural recommendations, academic and clinical program evaluation, and suggestions for health care policies
|
|
|
|
Order of procedural interventions in therapy:
|
- Therapeutic exercise
- Functional training in self-care and home management - Functional training in work, community, and leisure integration or reintegration - Manual therapy techniques - Prescription, application, and as necessary, fabrication of devices and equipment - Airway clearance techniques - Integumentary repair and protective techniques - Electrotherapeutic modalities - Physical agents and mechanical modalities |
|
|
|
What types of education are PTs involved in? ***
|
- Education of patients or family members in exercise/therapeutic techniques
- Instructing students in clinical setting - Instructing students in classroom |
|
|
|
How is research important to PTs? ***
|
Sound evidence from well-designed research (evidence-based practice) backs up the choice and efficacy of interventions.
|
|
|
|
Sound practice is an inherent responsibility of every PT/PTA, and is based on the selection of:
|
- appropriate interventions
- complete documentation, and - outcomes assessment |
|
|
|
What is typically involved in the promotion ladder in clinical facilities?
|
More administrative responsibility at the expense of patient care activities
|
|
|
|
What are the typical PT demographics?
|
Females = 68%
Males = 32% Mean age = 43 y.o. B.S. = 27.3% Master’s = 37.6% Doctorate = 15.7% |
|
|
|
What are the PT workplace demographics?
|
Private office- 32.4%
Acute hospital- 11.6% Hospital-based OP- 21.6% Home care- 6.5% ECF- 5.1% Schools- 4.5% Sub-acute hospital- 2.7% Academics- 8.7% |
|
|
|
How does the Texas definition of physical therapy differ from the APTA definition? ***
|
The Texas rules focus on the rehabilitation aspects of the job and do not go into the other aspects of physical therapy, such as consultation, research, prevention and wellness.
|
|
|
|
When did St. Philip's PTA program become the first accredited PTA AAS program in Texas? ***
|
1973
|
|
|
|
What comprises the concept of "team approach" for PTs/PTAs? ***
|
Regardless of level of care, PTs/PTAs work with other healthcare providers as a team to ensure the best patient care.
|
|
|
|
What is a PTA per the CAPTE (and APTA) definition? ***
|
A PTA is a graduate of an accredited PTA program, and thereby a technically educated healthcare provider who assists and is supervised by a PT in provision of care
(Responsibilities and supervision vary by state, however) |
|
|
|
What is a PTA per the Texas definition? ***
|
A PTA is board-licensed,
assists and is supervised by a PT, and conducts activities requiring an understanding of physical therapy |
|
|
|
What are the rules of practice for a PTA in Texas? ***
|
The PTA may provide physical therapy only under the supervision of a PT
(and the rules list specific physical therapy interventions) |
|
|
|
What drove the need for developing the position of PTA? ***
|
An overall increase in the need for physical therapy brought on by post-war industrialization and health care legislation
|
|
|
|
What effect did the Hill-Burton Acts of 1946 and 1954 have? ***
|
They expanded the number of health care facilities, and therefore the demand for/availability of health care (and physical therapy)
|
|
|
|
How did the amendment of the Social Security Act of 1965 affect development of the PTA? ***
|
It ushered in Medicare/Medicaid, which increased health care funding, and thus health care (and physical therapy) need increased
|
|
|
|
Who proposed the creation of the PTA position, and when? ***
|
Catherine Worthingham in 1964
|
|
|
|
What happened to the PTA career field in the 1990s? ***
|
Rapid growth initially, but the career field was quashed by the impact of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, which ushered in managed care and health care spending caps which decimated the career field. Many took pay cuts or lost jobs completely afterward.
|
|
|
|
When did the post-1990s demand for PTs/PTAs return? ***
|
Around 2005
|
|
|
|
What are the education requirements for a PT? ***
|
- Master's or Doctorate in Physical Therapy from a
- CAPTE-accredited course - Curriculum similar to PTA, but more in-depth, with more clinical rotations and more coursework on administration, research, evaluation, and diagnosis |
|
|
|
What are the education requirements for a PTA? ***
|
- Graduate of a 2-year program that is
- CAPTE accredited and awards - Associate in Applied Science/PTA - Coursework in anatomy, physiology, biology, kinesiology, and general education, with a - focus on patient treatment/intervention |
|
|
|
What are the education requirements for a PT Aide? ***
|
- OJT at a clinical site, with documentation, but
- no standardized training - supervised by PT or PTA within reasonable proximity (on-site in TX) during patient interaction - provide care as designated by PT or PTA - no license or certificate--considered support staff - may not write in or sign physical therapy documents in permanent record (but could check off or initial flow charts) |
|
|
|
Which roles and responsibilities may only be performed by a PT? ***
|
- Interpret referrals
- Initial examination - Evaluation - Diagnosis - Prognosis - Development of plan of care (POC) - Re-examination - Modification of POC - Determining when PT needs to personally render interventions - Establish discharge (D/C) Plan - Oversee all physical therapy care and documentation - Recommend durable equipment - Consultation involving diagnosis or recommendation |
|
|
|
Which roles and responsibilities may be performed by either a PT or a PTA? ***
|
- Measurements (see def'n)
- Assessments (see def'n) - Modify Rx. within PT POC in response to changes in patient - Document progress notes - Patient Care (unless deemed only by PT) - Patient/Family Education - Administration - Clinical Education - Academic teaching - CE Presentation |
|
|
|
How is "measurement" defined with respect to physical therapy? ***
|
A test which generates an assigned number to quantify something about the patient (e.g., goniometry, circumference, leg length, etc.)
|
|
|
|
Who may take measurements? ***
|
PT or PTA
|
|
|
|
How is "assessment" defined with respect to physical therapy? ***
|
The measurement, quantification, or placing a value on a characteristic or attribute being measured (e.g., gait, mobility, balance, pain)
it mainly involves using adjectives and requires a bit more work |
|
|
|
Who may perform an assessment? ***
|
Assessments can be performed by PT or PTA, but if complicated (e.g., some spinal mobility, NCV, etc.) can be done only by PT
|
|
|
|
How is "evaluation" defined with respect to physical therapy? ***
|
an interpretation or judgment about measurement and assessment data
|
|
|
|
Who may perform evaluations? ***
|
Only a PT
|
|
|
|
According to APTA, what types of treatment are outside the scope of a PTA? ***
|
- sharp debridement
- spinal and peripheral joint mobilization (however, there is no TX law against a PTA doing these if they've had proper training) |
|
|
|
Upon what does delegation of tasks to PTA depend? ***
|
- PTA education, experience, skill
- Acuity or impairment of patient - Experience of PT - State rules/laws - Liability risks - Caseload - Accessibility (regardless, responsibility rests with PT) |
|
|
|
Who is responsible for determining the number of people a PT or PTA can supervise? ***
|
The PTs and PTAs themselves
(They are also responsible for determining the number of patients they can effectively/properly treat) |
|
|
|
What may drive adjustment to the role of the PTA?
|
- the movement of physical therapy to a doctoring profession,
- state and federal legislation - demand for physical therapy services - payment policies |
|
|
|
After the Hill-Burton Act and Medicare/Medicaid overwhelmed the physical therapy resources, what agencies pursued development of a formal training program for support (PTA) personnel?
|
- American Association of Junior Colleges,
- US Department of Labor - US Department of Health - vocational schools - physician groups - hospitals - rehabilitation centers - nursing homes - state health departments |
|
|
|
What did APTA do in response to the disorganized attempts of many agencies to develop formal PTA training programs?
|
In 1964 the APTA House of Delegates established a task force to look into the role of support personnel and criteria for PTA programs.
|
|
|
|
What did the APTA formulate in 1967?
|
A proposal for creation of physical therapy assistants (later physical therapist assistant)
|
|
|
|
What did the APTA HOD adopt on 5 July 1967?
|
The policy statement, "Training and Utilization of the Physical Therapy Assistant"
|
|
|
|
What was included in the "Training and Utilization of the Physical Therapy Assistant" policy statement?
|
- definition of the PTA
- supervisory relationship with the PT - functions that PTAs could perform - need for accreditation of 2-year AAS program - support for mandatory licensure |
|
|
|
What did the APTA HOD issue in 1975, and why?
|
The Essentials of an Accredited Education Program for Physical Therapist Assistants
to improve uniformity in PTA education |
|
|
|
What did the APTA Department of Education organize in 1995, and why?
|
The Coalition on Consensus for Physical Therapist Assistant Education
because there was significant debate among physical therapy practitioners and educators regarding the appropriate education, utilization, and supervision of PTAs |
|
|
|
What came out of the Coalition on Consensus for PTA Education?
|
A Normative Model of PTA Education
|
|
|
|
When did the APTA HOD approve the Normative Model of PTA Education?
|
1999
|
|
|
|
What three documents were used to establish consistency in educational preparation and clinical utilization of PTAs?
|
- Normative Model of PTA Education (APTA HOD),
- Guide to Physical Therapist Practice (APTA), and - Evaluative Criteria for Accreditation of Education Programs for the Preparation of Physical Therapist Assistants |
|
|
|
What obstacles caused the PT and PTA job markets to decline?
|
- Balanced Budget Act of 1997
- introduction of the prospective payment system (PPS) under Medicare - managed care contracts that restricted access to physical therapy services |
|
|
|
What document defines interventions that are outside the scope of work of the PTA?
|
The APTA position statement: Procedural Interventions Exclusively Performed by Physical Therapists (2000)
|
|
|
|
When and where was the PTA clinical problem-solving algorithm introduced? (see pg. 54)
|
in the 2007 revision to A Normative Model of PTA Education
|
|
|
|
What did the APTA BOD adopt in 2008?
|
The document, Minimum Required Skills of Physical Therapist Assistants at Entry-Level
|
|
|
|
What did the 2009 APTA BOD resolution on PTAs state?
|
- PTAs are the sole extenders of the PT
- AAS is the appropriate degree requirement for PTA - PTAs have potential for ongoing education after licensure |
|
|
|
PTAs are licensed or otherwise regulated in ____ states.
|
48
|
|
|
|
To sit for licensure, a PTA must be:
|
a graduate of a PTA education program accredited by CAPTE
|
|
|
|
Who appoints CAPTE members?
|
APTA Board of Directors
|
|
|
|
PT professional education programs prepare PT students to perform all aspects of:
|
the patient/client management model
- Examination - Evaluation - Diagnosis - Prognosis - Intervention |
|
|
|
PTA education programs are designed to prepare the PTA students to:
|
assist the PT in delivery of physical therapy interventions and the associated data collection
|
|
|
|
Besides the teaching component, CAPTE requires ______ in a PTA education program.
|
Clinical education, both integrated and terminal, in a variety of practice settings and patient/client diagnoses
|
|
|
|
May a PTA be a direct clinical instructor?
|
Yes, with additional supervision and direction from the supervising PT
|
|
|
|
In addition to foundational knowledge and technical/clinical skills, what is expected of a PTA?
|
- communication skills
- career development (self-reflection) - behavioral expectations (Core Values) - other professional knowledge (resource/time management, facility policy/procedures, service delivery models, reimbursement guidelines, regulatory requirements, economic factors, health care policy) |
|
|
|
What is clinical problem solving?
|
the ability to adjust, modify, or discontinue an intervention within the plan of care established by the PT based on clinical indications
|
|
|
|
What are the three types of PTA education programs?
|
- one-plus-one programs (finish foundation/general ed courses first, then do PTA content)
- integrated 2-year programs (do foundation and PTA requirements simultaneously) - Part-time programs (may have components of both of the above; class schedules allow students to continue working or simultaneously finish a BS) |
|
|
|
May a PTA supervise a PT Aide? ***
|
Yes, where permitted by law
|
|
|
|
What are the four levels of PT-PTA supervision? ***
|
- general
- direct - direct personal supervision - line of sight |
|
|
|
What is "general" supervision? ***
|
PT is not required to be on site, but must be reachable by phone
|
|
|
|
What is "direct" supervision? ***
|
PT must be on-site and checks in at least briefly with the patient each visit
|
|
|
|
What is "direct personal supervision"? ***
|
PT (or PTA where permitted) must be physically present the entire treatment and must be focused on patient, not doing other things
- basically a co-treatment |
|
|
|
What is "line-of-sight" supervision? ***
(NOTE: this is not a true APTA definition.) |
PT is in the same area and can see the treatment
required by Medicare |
|
|
|
What two states do not require PTA licenses? ***
|
HI and CO
|
|
|
|
The PTA's clinical role lies solely within the _____ component of the patient/client management model.
|
intervention
|
|
|
|
Even when selected physical therapy interventions are delegated to a PTA, the PT:
|
remains responsible for the care, documentation, and outcomes related to that intervention
|
|
|
|
Areas in which the PTA may find him/herself working? ***
|
- Clinical
- Administrative - Professional - Teaching - Educational (The same letters as CAPTE) |
|
|
|
What does CAPTE stand for?
|
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
|
|
|
|
What is the chief barrier to increasing the education requirements for PTAs?
|
The location of most of the PTA programs at technical and community colleges that can only award associate's degrees.
|
|
|
|
What is a state practice act (for physical therapy)?
|
a legal statute intended to protect public health, safety, and welfare, and provide for state administrative control, supervision, licensure, and regulation of the practice of physical therapy
|
|
|
|
What is established in many state practice acts?
|
- maximum PT:PTA ratio
- type and frequency of communication with supervising PT - frequency of patient/client reexamination by the PT - minimum level of supervision - definitions - entry-level and continuing education requirements - examination and licensure standards - professional misconduct disciplinary procedures |
|
|
|
The degree of direction and supervision necessary for assuring quality physical therapy services depends on:
|
- education, experiences, and responsibilities of the parties involved, and
- structure in which physical therapy services are provided |
|
|
|
What factors must a PT consider when determining appropriate extent of assistance from the PTA?
|
- PTA's education, training, experience, and skill level
- patient/client criticality, acutity, stability, and complexity - predictability of the consequences - setting in which care is being delivered - federal and state statutes - liability and risk management concerns - mission of physical therapy services for the setting - needed frequency of reexamination |
|
|
|
The PTA may perform _______ under _____ and ____ of the PT.
|
selected physical therapy interventions
direction at least general supervision |
|
|
|
The ability of a PTA to perform selected interventions shall be:
|
assessed on an ongoing basis by the supervising PT
|
|
|
|
What requirements must be observed when a PT supervises a PTA in any off-site setting?
|
- PT must be accessible by telecommunications at all times during treatment
- PT and PTA must have regularly scheduled and documented conferences to discuss patients/clients; frequency depends on patient/client need and needs of PTA - PT will make supervisory visits |
|
|
|
When must PTs make supervisory visits when PTA conducts off-site interventions?
|
- on PTA request for reexamination, for a change in POC, prior to D/C, and in response to change in patient/client medical status
- at least once per month, unless patient/client needs dictate more often |
|
|
|
What should a supervisory visit include?
|
- on-site reexamination of the patient/client
- on-site review of the plan of care with appropriate revision/termination - evaluation of need and recommendation for utilization of outside resources |
|
|
|
What is the FSBPT?
|
Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy
|
|
|
|
What are some procedures used to manage PTA delegation issues?
|
- cosigning of PTA treatment notes
- use of specific forms to document ongoing communications - establishing handoff communication procedures - establishing a PT of record |
|
|
|
For what is the PT of record responsible?
|
the coordination, continuation, and progression of the POC
|
|
|
|
What should be clearly identified in a facility procedure to reduce confusion in patient/client management?
|
- PT of record
- process of hand-off communication |
|
|
|
What other consideration may determine what interventions are delegated to a PTA?
|
funding source
(e.g., Medicare requires "line-of-sight" supervision) |
|
|
|
What types of situations must the PTA bring to the attention of the delegating PT, with respect to patient/client management?
|
- change in patient/client status
- request to advance patient/client beyond the established POC - need for clarification of POC - inappropriate delegations beyond PTA skill level |
|
|
|
What is the most frequent allegation in liability claims against physical therapy practitioners?
|
failure to appropriately supervise a treatment or procedure
|
|
|
|
Beyond risk of liability, what are other potential ramifications of inappropriate delegation?
|
- license revocation
- fines - denial of payment for services by third-party payers |
|
|
|
What is important to remember about APTA documents vs. state practice acts when it comes to liability?
|
frequently, the APTA standards are more stringent than the state practice acts; however, a court of law may consider the APTA documents to be the appropriate standard of care
|
|
|
|
What types of tasks do physical therapy aides perform?
|
- transporting patients to treatment areas
- assisting patients on and off equipment - cleaning equipment - stocking supplies |
|
|
|
In what document(s) are the roles of physical therapy aides identified?
|
- state practice acts, which differ significantly
- APTA's Provision of Physical Therapy Interventions and Related Tasks, which attempts to identify the roles for consistency |
|
|
|
Why does APTA consider sharp debridement and spinal/peripheral joint mobilizations beyond the scope of a PTA?
|
because they require the skills of evaluation, examination, diagnosis, and prognosis, which fall solely within the scope of practice of the PT
|
|
|
|
Why is APTA's position that sharp debridement and spinal/peripheral joint mobilizations are beyond the scope of the PTA controversial?
|
- before 2000, these interventions were widely included in curricula of PTA programs, CAPTE requirements, and license examinations and many PTAs contend they have the skills to do them
- patients need these interventions to achieve their therapy goals, but shortages of PTs compromises best practice when care of these patients is delegated to PTAs that cannot perform them - most state practice acts do not restrict PTAs from performing them |
|
|
|
Patient/client management can be enhanced through use of delegation to a PTA when the PT/PTA team is "characterized by:
|
trust, mutual respect, adaptability, cooperation, and an appreciation of individual and cultural differences
|
|
|
|
What is critical to the advancement of the practice of physical therapy?
|
advancement of clinical skills (through continuing education)
|
|
|
|
Why did controversy exist with respect to PTAs attending continuing education courses alongside their PT counterparts?
|
- some PTs questioned the ability of PTAs to attain advanced skills once provided only by the PT, and
- because the content of many courses relates to examination, evaluation, diagnosis and prognosis, areas outside the scope of practice of the PTA |
|
|
|
How do PTAs benefit from continuing education, even if the material is outside their scope of practice (intervention)?
|
it can help them better understand the process the supervising PTs must use in establishing a POC
|
|
|
|
Both PTs and PTAs are obligated to utilize only the information from continuing education courses that:
|
is within their scope of practice
|
|
|
|
Many jurisdictions require Continuing Education Units (CEUs) to maintain ______.
|
licensure
|
|
|
|
Even if CEUs are not required for licensure, the PTA is bound by:
|
Standards of Ethical Conduct for the PTA, which says in Standard 6:
"PTAs shall enhance their competence through the through the lifelong acquisition and refinement of knowledge, skills, and abilities" |
|
|
|
How can PTAs facilitate increased knowledge attainment and lifelong learning?
|
by setting career development goals regarding clinical work, specialization, and advancement in areas of interest to the PTA
|
|
|
|
How can a PTA identify practice areas to address to maintain competence?
|
through ongoing self-assessment
|
|
|
|
What educational tool is available to APTA members?
|
Considerations for Practice Opportunities and Professional Development
|
|
|
|
How can the APTA tool, Considerations for Practice Opportunities and Professional Development, help PTAs choose a career opportunity?
|
It can help choose a particular career opportunity because it can identify pros and cons with a path, while also considering how PTA utilization varies across jurisdictions, practice settings, and management structures
|
|
|
|
What did the APTA BOD create a task force to do in 2008?
|
develop a career pathway for the PTA (currently in development)
|
|
|
|
What are typical PTA demographics?
|
Females = 79%
Under 40 = 46% Associate's degree = 60% Bachelor's = 33% Master's = 6% |
|
|
|
What are the PTA workplace demographics?
|
Private practice = 33%
SNF/ECF/ICF = 17% (PT = 5%) |
|
|
|
What are some other career advancement options for PTAs?
|
- clinical instructor for PTA students
- providing clinical in-services - serving as a graduate assistant - marketing physical therapy services - assisting in research - serving in APTA leadership role - coordinating staffing patterns - working in program development - becoming an administrator - teaching - serving as member of state licensure board |
|
|
|
How were PTAs initially recognized as members in APTA?
|
as affiliate members
|
|
|
|
How have PTAs been represented in APTA over the years?
|
- Affiliate Special Interest Group (ASIG) - (1983)
- Affiliate Assembly (1989) - National Assembly of Physical Therapy Assistants (1998) along with - Representative Body of the National Assembly (RBNA) (1998) - Advisory Panel of PTAs (2005) along with - Physical Therapist Assistant Caucus (PTA Caucus) (2005) |
|
|
|
What was the APTA membership category for PTAs in 1973?
|
affiliate members
(PTs were active members) |
|
|
|
As affiliate members, how were PTA votes counted in APTA elections?
|
as half of a vote in APTA elections at the component level and within their chapter's delegation at the HOD
|
|
|
|
What was the first formalized structure for PTA representation in APTA?
|
Affiliate Special Interest Group (1983)
|
|
|
|
How did ASIG represent PTAs?
|
it provided a regional structure for representation and an elected chairperson who served as a liaison to the APTA BOD
|
|
|
|
What replaced the ASIG in 1989?
|
Affiliate Assembly
|
|
|
|
What assembly was added to APTA in 1990?
|
Student Assembly
|
|
|
|
How does formation of an assembly benefit its members?
|
it allows members of the same classification to meet, confer, and promote the interests of their constituents within the APTA as well as externally
|
|
|
|
What was the function of elected officers of the Affiliate Assembly?
|
liaison with APTA officers and staff
|
|
|
|
When did the APTA HOD allow PTAs to hold office?
|
1992
they could hold offices at component (chapter and section) level, as long as the office was not in direct succession to the office of president |
|
|
|
What membership category was created in 1998?
|
physical therapist assistant member
(and PTs became physical therapist members) |
|
|
|
How was the National Assembly of Physical Therapist Assistants (National Assembly) structured?
|
similarly to the HOD
|
|
|
|
Who represented the National Assembly of Physical Therapist Assistants?
|
the Representative Body of the National Assembly (RBNA)
|
|
|
|
How many delegates did the RBNA have to the APTA HOD?
|
2
|
|
|
|
What were RBNA delegates allowed to do in the HOD?
|
they could speak, debate, and make motions, but not vote
|
|
|
|
How did the RBNA provide a more organized system of promotion and protection of PTA members?
|
through national officers, regional directors, and chapter representatives
|
|
|
|
How did the National Assembly of PTAs (National Assembly)/RBNA structure affect many PTAs?
|
the RBNA met separately from the HOD
this new structure removed PTA voting privileges from the HOD, and many PTAs became disenfranchised with the new direction the RBNA asssumed the structure separated PTAs from their PT counterparts PTA membership in APTA dramatically decreased |
|
|
|
When was the RBNA dissolved?
|
2005
|
|
|
|
How were PTAs represented after the RBNA was dissolved?
|
by two new bodies
- the Advisory Panel of PTAs, and - the PTA Caucus |
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the Advisory Panel of PTAs?
|
advisory panels in APTA provide guidance to the BOD as issues arise related to physical therapy practice and in APTA governance; the Advisory Panel of PTAs provides guidance on PTA issues
|
|
|
|
How many members comprise the Advisory Panel of PTAs?
|
5
|
|
|
|
What other advisory panel positions may PTAs hold?
|
a position on each of the following panels:
- Advisory Panel of Practice - Advisory Panel of Education - Advisory Panel of Membership Recruitment and Retention |
|
|
|
What does the PTA Caucus provide for PTAs?
|
representation for PTA members in APTA governance
|
|
|
|
What positions are included in the PTA Caucus?
|
- Chief Delegate
- four Delegates - 51 PTA Caucus Chapter Representatives (one for each state, and District of Columbia) |
|
|
|
When does the PTA Caucus meet formally?
|
each year immediately before the annual meeting of the HOD
|
|
|
|
What officials on the PTA Caucus are elected at the annual meeting? How long are their terms?
|
- Chief Delegate
- the four Delegates 3 years |
|
|
|
What is the role of the PTA Caucus Delegates and the Chief Delegate?
|
the voice of the PTA members in the HOD
|
|
|
|
What are the PTA Caucus Delegates able to do while in the HOD?
|
- make and debate motions that could become APTA policy/positions
- participate in discussions on the floor of the HOD equally with chapter and section delegates - do NOT have a vote (restricted to chapter delegates) |
|
|
|
The PTA Caucus Chief Delegate attends:
|
APTA BOD meetings and interacts with the chief executive officer, president, Board members, and APTA staff
|
|
|
|
What is a SIG?
|
a special interest group
formed for members who "share a special professional interest that cannot be served through existing means to meet and participate in activities related to that special interest within a component's structure" |
|
|
|
What are some of the SIGs from APTA's specialty practice sections?
|
Stroke SIG within the Neurology Section
Pain Management SIG within the Orthopaedic Section (chapters may also have SIGs, including student SIGs and PTA SIGs) |
|
|
|
In what areas are PTAs recognized by APTA for advanced clinical skills?
|
- musculoskeletal
- neuromuscular - cardiovascular and pulmonary - integumentary - geriatric - pediatric physical therapy |
|
|
|
What are some benefits of receiving recognition of advanced proficiency?
|
- official recognition from the APTA
- designation as an expert within a clinical specialty area - reinforcement of lifelong learning - merit that may assist with career advancement |
|
|
|
What honors/awards are APTA-member PTAs eligible to receive?
|
- F.A. Davis Award for Outstanding PTA Educator
- Mary McMillan Scholarship Award for outstanding student contributions - Outstanding PTA Award - Outstanding PT/PTA Team Award |
|
|
|
What are the requirements for recognition?
|
- Current member of APTA
- 5 years work experience (min 2000 hours) and at least 500 hours in last year in one of the categories of advanced proficiency (musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiopulmonary, integumentary, geriatric, or pediatric) - completion of at least 60 hours (6 CEUs) of continuing education in the last 5 years (with 45 hours in the selected category of proficiency) - consistent, above-average performance supported by letter of reference from a supervising PT - involvement in at least 3 activities demonstrating leadership and community involvement |
|
|
|
What are some emerging practice areas for physical therapy?
|
- wellness and prevention
- emergency departments - women's health |
|
|
|
What are some advantages of increasing the education level requirements for PTAs?
|
- stronger scientific foundation upon which to build
- increased technical and manual skills - improved professionalism - enhanced ability to analyze and apply evidence to clinical work - deflection of encroachment on physical therapy practice - bolstering of the drive for direct access in all jurisdictions - decreased restriction of reimbursement for PTA-delivered interventions - attraction of highly-qualified students - easing of the "bridge" to PT |
|
|
|
What are some disadvantages of increasing the education level requirements for PTAs?
|
- possible increase in inappropriate use of unlicensed support personnel
- potential expectation for increased compensation by baccalaureate-prepared PTAs, although this may not be the case - increased time and expense of a bachelor's degree, which may affect the applicant pool - possibility that PTA programs within community colleges may be forced to close or develop articulation agreements with a 4-year institution |
|
|
|
What is one legislative issue currently causing uncertainty in the physical therapy realm?
|
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (HR 3590) of 2010
a.k.a., "Obamacare" |
|
|
|
What important issues does the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (HR 3590) of 2010 not address?
|
- fair payment for services
- direct access - referral for profit arrangements |
|
