Pth 202 Modalities - Massage

Front 1

1. Why did the Greeks use massage?

Back 1

To maintain physical health and ensure lasting beauty

Front 2

2. Which culture is perhaps the most responsible for giving massage such a high level of social acceptance?

Back 2

The Greek

Front 3

3. What famous physician during the Roman Empire wrote extensively on the topic of massage and described several ways in which it could be administered?

Back 3

Galen

Front 4

4. What did Galen strongly recommend before battle?

Back 4

That all gladiators be rubbed all over until their skin was red

Front 5

5. When did massage decline in Europe in Asia?

Back 5

In the early part of the middle ages

Front 6

6. Who was among one of the first writers to consider and discuss the effects of massage?

Back 6

French surgeon, Ambroise Pare'

Front 7

7. Who claimed in the 1880s that massage could be very useful treatment, particularly to the soft tissues following fractures?

Back 7

Just Lucas-Championniere

Front 8

8. Where did Sir William Bennett perform massage treatments?

Back 8

St. George's Hospital in London, England

Front 9

9. When was the era of modern massage said to have begun?

Back 9

In the early 1800s

Front 10

10. What was Pehr Henrick Ling on style f massage known as?

Back 10

Swedish remedial massage and excercise

Front 11

11. What was founded in 1894 in London, England?

Back 11

The society of trained masseuses

Front 12

13. Where is massage not used much clinically?

Back 12

In Western medicine

Front 13

14. What is the definition of therapeutic massage?

Back 13

The use of various manual techniques designed to promote stress relief and relaxation, mobilize structures, reduce or relieve pain and swelling , prevent deformity, and promote functional independence in someone that has a specific health problem

Front 14

16. What do all massage techniques have?

Back 14

A great amount of psychological value

Front 15

17. What is applying pressure to the tissues in a kneading manner?

Back 15

Petrissage

Front 16

18. Pressure of petrissage stroke is what?

Back 16

Centripetal, while direction of movement is centrifugal

Front 17

19.What describes deep transverse friction of muscles, tendons, and ligaments?

Back 17

Cyriax

Front 18

20. Where are stroking and effleurage given?

Back 18

Over large areas

Front 19

21. What type of medium does deep friction and connective tissue massage use?

Back 19

Dry medium

Front 20

22. How should hands be prepped for massage?

Back 20

Clean short nails with rounded tips, hands should be warm, supple, dry, well-padded, express sensitivity, gentleness, firmness, and strength, gloves should be worn if hands have cuts, open wounds, or lesions, use lotion, and of course wash hands

Front 21

23. How are most strokes performed?

Back 21

By not just the hands alone, but by using the body's weight and moving the body in different positions

Front 22

24. What are lubricants used for?

Back 22

To help hands move over the body

Front 23

25. What is the advantage of powder?

Back 23

It promotes movement, but does not prevent deep muscle massage by causing slippage

Front 24

26. What might would be used n dry, dirty, scaly skin that is fresh out of a cast?

Back 24

Soap and water

Front 25

27. How do you apply lubricants?

Back 25

First to yourself and then to the patient

Front 26

28. If the patient is seated where must the therapist not be?

Back 26

Seated facing the patient

Front 27

29. What does general relaxation refer to?

Back 27

To the state of the entire body

Front 28

30. What type of massage is given at right angles to tissue to mobilize?

Back 28

Deep friction

Front 29

31. What is the length of most strokes?

Back 29

6 to 7 seconds

Front 30

32. How long does a full body massage typically last?

Back 30

at least 45 minutes

Front 31

33. What is the definition of soft tissue manipulation?

Back 31

A variety of manual techniques to the soft tissue of the body designed to improve intertissue mobility and produce pain-free function

Front 32

34. What are soft tissues of the body?

Back 32

All structures that are not a direct part of the skeleton

Front 33

35. What is the definition of stroking?

Back 33

One of both hands, thumbs and fingers are used, in any direction, using the entire palmar surface at variable pressure and speed

Front 34

36. What is the purpose of stoking?

Back 34

Begins and finishes a massage, allows a patient to become accustomed to the therapist and for the therapist to get the feel of the tissues

Front 35

37. What are the effects of stroking?

Back 35

Relaxation, stimulation which is rapid and light, dilation of arterioles,

Front 36

38. What are the therapeutic uses of stroking?

Back 36

Genera or local relaxation, helps relieve muscle spasms, promote sleep in insomniacs, and has GI effects

Front 37

39. What is stroking used to treat?

Back 37

Pain, muscle spasms, superficial scar tissue, flatulence and constipation, and insomnia

Front 38

40. What are the contraindications of stroking?

Back 38

Large open areas, gross edema, marked varicosities, areas of hypersensitivity, very hairy areas, cancer in the skin or other areas to be treated, serious infections in the tissue to be treated, lacerations, bruising, infections or foreign bodies in the area to be treated, acute or chronic skin conditions, and within 3 to 6 months following radiotherapy in the area to be treated

Front 39

41. What are strokes that glide?

Back 39

Effleurage

Front 40

42. What is the definition of effleurage?

Back 40

To skim over, stroking with increasing pressure in a centripetal direction

Front 41

43. Where does effleurage end when possible?

Back 41

In superficial lymph glands

Front 42

44. What is the purpose of effleurage?

Back 42

Facilitates circulation, used between manipulations that mobilize tissue fluids, and is used to finish massage sequences

Front 43

45. In what direction does effleurage move?

Back 43

Always centripetal or towards heart and with flows of vein/lymph

Front 44

46. How is the effleurage technique used?

Back 44

Uses palmar surface of one or both hands working alternately or simultaneously. Always works from distal to proximal

Front 45

47. What is the pressure of effleurage?

Back 45

Significant pressure is needed to affect superficial veins and lymphatics, pressure gradually increases

Front 46

48. What are the effects of effleurage?

Back 46

Flow of blood in superficial veins is moved toward heart with pressure, lymph flow is increased, congestion in capillaries is relieved, which stimulates circulation and facilitates healing, mobility of superficial soft tissues is increased, increases range of motion, dilation of arterioles, relives pain, relaxes muscle spasms, stimulates large diameter mechanoreceptors in skin, and promotes relaxation

Front 47

49. What are the therapeutic effects of effleurage?

Back 47

accustom patient and therapist to feel of treatment, joins massage techniques, enhances absorption of waste products ,aids circulation disturbances, and promotes absorption of inflammatory exudate, relieves pain, and promotes relaxation

Front 48

50. What are effleurage indications?

Back 48

Chronic edema, superficial scar tissue, chronic pain, chronic muscle spasms

Front 49

51. What are effleurage contraindications?

Back 49

large open areas, gross edema if in danger of splitting skin, marked varicosities, areas of hyperesthesia, extremely hairy areas, chronic swelling in lower extremity associated with congestive hear failure or other heart conditions with lower extremity edema, lacerations, bruising, infections or foreign bodies in areas to be treated

Front 50

52. What are strokes the knead?

Back 50

Petrissage

Front 51

53. What is the definition of petrissage?

Back 51

Firm pressure applied to tissues, with most strokes used to mobilize deep muscle tissue or skin and subcutaneous tissues

Front 52

54. What is the definition of kneading?

Back 52

Manipulation in which the muscles and subcutaneous tissues are alternately compressed and released in a circular motion

Front 53

55. What is the purpose of kneading?

Back 53

Mechanical action to mobilize muscle and other deep tissues to mobilize chronic swelling

Front 54

56. What is the direction of movement for kneading?

Back 54

Hands and skin move together during pressure phase in circular motion, pressure applied half of the time and released the other half , hands move across the body during the release phase, usually begins proximal in the limbs

Front 55

57. What is the rate of movement for kneading?

Back 55

3-4 seconds

Front 56

58. What is reinforced kneading?

Back 56

Kneading with one hand on top of the other

Front 57

59. What is the purpose of picking up?

Back 57

Used on muscles for mobilization, to promote normal joint and limb function, increases muscle mobility, facilitates normal joint and limb movement

Front 58

60. What is the definition of wringing?

Back 58

Tissues lifted with both hands and compressed between alternate fingers/thumb

Front 59

61. What is the purpose of wringing?

Back 59

Used on muscle tissue for mobilization, mechanical effect from twisting motion, facilitated normal limb and joint motion

Front 60

62. What is the purpose of skin rolling?

Back 60

Mobilize skin and subcutaneous structures, can improve circulation of the area , with goal to improve joint and limb movement

Front 61

63. What are the effects of petrissage?

Back 61

Veins empty and refill, flow of lymph stimulated, causes vasodilatation in skin, increases blood supply, metabolic waste products are more readily eliminated, relaxes muscles, decreases pain, scar tissues and muscles can be stretched, and increases skin elasticity

Front 62

64. What are the therapeutic uses of petrissage?

Back 62

Facilitates deep and superficial circulation of affected area, mobilizes muscle contractures, mobilizes skin and subcutaneous tissues, helps resolve chronic edema, helps decrease pain and muscle fatigue, and promotes relaxation

Front 63

65. What are indications for petrissage?

Back 63

Chronic edema, chronic pain, superficial scar tissue in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, contractures in muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, and related structures

Front 64

66. Where should petrissage not be used?

Back 64

If acute trauma occurs in a large area of muscle with a hematoma

Front 65

67. What are contraindications of petrissage?

Back 65

Large open areas, cancer in the skin or any other tissues in the area, serious infections in the tissue, gross edema, lacerations, bruising, infections or foreign bodies in the skin or tissues, thrombophelbitis, deep vein thrombosis, acute muscle tears, hypertonic or hypotonic limbs, chronic swelling, acute or chronic skin conditions, marked varicosities, within 3 to 6 months following radiation therapy, areas of hyperesthesia, and extremely hairy areas

Front 66

68. What is the purpose of tapotement?

Back 66

Stimulation of tissues, to loosen lung secretions

Front 67

69. What are the affects of tapotement?

Back 67

over thorax loosens secretions, skin reddening, initial vasoconstriction then vasodilatation, stretching effect over muscle, and pain relief via spinal gating

Front 68

70. What are therapeutic uses of tapotement?

Back 68

treatment of chronic chest conditions, general stimulating effect, remove neuralgia

Front 69

71. What are contraindications of tapotement?

Back 69

over severe rib fractures, embolism, acute pulmonary embolism, severe hypertension, hyperesthesia, flaccidity, spasticity could increase, newly formed scar tissue, acute traumatic edema, cancer or TB, over large open areas

Front 70

72. What is the definition of shaking?

Back 70

One-handed or two-handed technique, like a vibration, but with slower speed and greater amplitude of movement

Front 71

73. What are the uses of vibration and shaking?

Back 71

Loosen mucus in lungs, facilitate muscle contraction, relieve neuralgic pain, decrease spasticity when applying traction to limb, stimulate organ function, and resolve chronic edema

Front 72

74. What are contraindications of vibrations and shaking?

Back 72

Large open areas, severe rib fractures, over the thorax with acute heart failure, acute pulmonary embolism, and severe hypertension, cancer in the skin or tissue, serious infections in the tissues, gross edema, lacerations, bruising, infections or foreign bodies in the tissue, thrombophelbitis, deep vein thrombosis, acute muscle tears, chronic swelling, marked varicosities, within 3 to 6 months following radiation, hyperesthesia, and extremely hairy areas

Front 73

75. What established standards for deep friction massage?

Back 73

James Cyriax writings of deep friction massage

Front 74

76. What does deep friction affect?

Back 74

the connective tissue of tendons, tendon sheaths, ligaments, and muscles

Front 75

77.What is the definition of deep friction?

Back 75

Small, localized, deeply penetrating movements, circular or transverse directions usually using the fingertips or thumb pad

Front 76

78. What is the purpose of deep friction?

Back 76

mobilization of tendons, tendon sheaths, ligaments, joint capsules, and muscle tissue especially when chronic adhesions or inflammation are present

Front 77

79. What is the duration of deep friction?

Back 77

5-20 minutes 2/3 times a week

Front 78

80. What are the effects of deep friction?

Back 78

stretching of post traumatic scars tissue, vasodilatation, controlled inflammation and mobilization of structures, and used with myofascial pain syndrome

Front 79

81. What are the therapeutic uses of deep friction?

Back 79

Scar tissues, muscle tears, musculotendinous lesions, partial tendon ruptures, tendonitis, ligament sprains, and chronic pain with lesions is musculoskeletal tissues

Front 80

82. What are contraindications of deep friction?

Back 80

acute muscle tears, acutely inflammed joints, skin diseases present in area, damaged or diseased blood vessels, neoplasms or TB, and bacterial infection in area

Front 81

83. What are the physiological effects of massage?

Back 81

increased blood flow and lymph, increased flow of nutrients, removal of waste products and metabolites, stimulation of the healing process, resolution of chronic edema and hematoma, increased extensibility of connective tissue, pain relief, increased joint motion, facilitation of muscle activity, stimulation of autonomic functions, stimulation of visceral functions, removal of lung secretions, and promotion of general and local relaxation

Front 82

84. Who gave us the gate control theory?

Back 82

Melzak and Wall

Front 83

85. What are the psychological effects of massage?

Back 83

Physical relaxation, relief of anxiety and tension, stimulation of physical activity, pain relief, general feeling of well-being, sexual arousal, and general faith in the lying of the hands

Front 84

86. Recreational massage is a large part of what?

Back 84

Stress reduction programs

Front 85

87. What is sports massage also known as?

Back 85

massage sportif and apotherapy

Front 86

88. What is the purpose of sports massage?

Back 86

make tissues more supple and prevent ruptures and sprains

Front 87

89. What are the effects of sports massage?

Back 87

decreased training damage, improved training consistency, help prevent muscle and tendon injuries, promote acute injury healing, promote complete healing to prevent acute problems from becoming chronic, promote healing of long standing injury, reduce muscle spasms, encourage relaxed mental health, enhance confidence, and enable athlete to stay in activity longer

Front 88

90. Sports massage does not use what?

Back 88

Any form of lubricants

Front 89

91. How long do you need to what to massage complete muscle tears?

Back 89

48 hours post injury

Front 90

92. What are sports massage pre and post treatment measurements?

Back 90

Range of motion, swelling, skin temperature, and skin color

Front 91

93. What are benefits of sports massage pre-event?

Back 91

Prevent injury, break down adhesions, increase cell nutrition, increase circulation, and decrease muscle spasm

Front 92

94. What is the ideal pre-event time?

Back 92

20 -30 minutes prior to warm ups

Front 93

96. What type of massage is used for training and post event ?

Back 93

Kneading and stoking, for 10-30 minutes to promote recovery but 30-60 minutes is recommended

Front 94

12. How early was massage recorded in medical works?

Back 94

-2760 B.C.

Front 95

15. What is the definition of recreational massage?

Back 95

The use of various manual techniques to relieve stress, promote relaxation and general wellness in someone who has no definable health problems

Front 96

95. Why would use you tapotement at the end of a sports massage?

Back 96

For general stimulation of the nervous system and to prepare body and mind for stretching before warm-up