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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Congestive Heart Failure |
The heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation of the blood to meet the needs of the body combined with edema present in the body |
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Stages of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
Stage A - High risk for developing heart failure. One or more risk factors Stage B - Asymptomatic heart failure. Enlarged dysfunction LV Stage C - Symptomatic Heart Failure. SOB, fatigue, inability to exercise Stage D - end stage heart failure. Transplant or med device needed |
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Left Heart Failure (Forward heart failure) |
Blood not pumped adequately. LV unable to pump |
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Causes of heart failure (etiology) |
Coronary artery disease Valvular disease Congenital heart disease Hypertension Infection |
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Phlebitis |
Inflammation of a vein, can occur in both superficial or deep veins.
Rarely serious, but can lead to other issues if not treated.
Affected area may feel hard, warm, tender. May throb or burn |
Deep Vein Phlebitis is basically the same but occurs at a deeper level. Is more likely to affect the entire limb |
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Risk factors for phlebitis |
Prolonged inactivity Sedentary lifestyle Obesity Smoking |
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Thrombophlebitis |
One or more blood clots in a vein that causes inflammation. Thrombus in vein causes pain and irritation and may block blood flow |
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Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis (DVT) |
DVT affects larger blood vessels deep in legs. Can lead to pulmonary embolism. |
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Homan's Sign |
Used to detect DVT. Pain in the calf when the foot is PASSIVELY dorsiflexed |
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Compartment Syndrome |
Compression of nerves, blood vessels, and muscles in a closed space within the body. Can be limb and life threatening Most often seen in the forearm and lower leg |
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6 P's of Compartment Syndrome |
Pain (aggravated by stretching) Paresthesia (pins & needles) Paralysis of limb Pulse (lack of) Pallor (shiny skin, noticeable bruises) Poikilothermia (limb attempts to achieve room temperature) |
Do not elevate limbs with compartment syndrome |
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Treatment of compression syndrome |
Acute - surgery (fasciotomy) Sub-acute - fasciotomy Chronic - rest, anti-inflammatories, manual decompression |
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
Atherosclerotic disease process that narrows the lumen of coronary arteries. Results in ischemia Coronary arteries accumulate fat deposits (arteriosclerotic plaque) |
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Clinical Syndromes of CAD (and characteristics) |
Angina Pectoris Myocardial Infarction HF or CHF |
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Arteriosclerosis obliterans |
Type of Arterial Disease Peripheral manifestation of generalized atherosclerosis |
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Thromboangitis Obliterans (Buerger's disease) |
Chronic occlusive arterial disease. Predominately in young male smokers |
Boys like burgers |
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Diabetic Angiopathy |
Type of arterial disease.
High levels of blood glucose leads to accelerated atherosclerosis which leads to ulcers, gangrene, and amputation |
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Chronic venous insufficiency |
Blood accumulates in extremities due to veins inability to return blood to heart Caused by degeneration of valve tissue, venous dilation, muscle pump dysfunction, etc |
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) |
Surgical revascularization of the heart to improve blood supply. If Sternotomy incision is present, avoid scapular retraction and UE exercises in early rehab |
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