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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Stress placed on a cell causes: (3)

Cell adaption


Cell alters but recovers


Cell death

Body's mechanism for coping with stress

General adaption syndrome

3 stages of General adaption syndrome

Alarm stage


Resistance stage


Exhaustion stage

Body's response to homeostasis / "fight or flight" response

Alarm stage

Plateau in body's adaption response / longest stage

Resistance stage

Body can no longer handle applied stresses / one or more body systems fail / traumatic or overuse injuries

Exhaustion stage

Too much force in too little time / acute injury such as sprain, strain, or fracture

Macrotrauma

Repeated, relatively low intensity forces / stress fractures, chronic inflammatory conditions, and muscle soreness

Microtrauma

None adapts to forces placed on it (with increased activity)

Wolff's law

TISSUE. SKIN, heart, and blood vessels, hollow organs, glands, and external openings

Epithelial

Change in cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium

Depolarization

Returns electrical balance to cells resting pltential

Repolarization

Tissue destruction related directly with the traumatic force / irreversible damage

Primary response

Cell death caused by blockage of O2 supply or enzymatic damage and mitochondrial failure / treatment efforts used to prevent injury

Secondary damage

3 phases of healing

Acute inflammatory stage


Proliferation stage


Maturation phase

Phagocytes and fibroblast collect, formation of granulation, histamine released, swelling occurs

Acute inflammatory stage

Revascularization, wound contraction, and wound remodeling / formation of early scar

Proliferation stage

Replacement tissue organized and strengthened / formation of permanent scar

Maturation phase

Nec part of healing process / control affects of trauma and prep body for healing / inflammation pain alerts tissue damage / begins right after trauma and ends when stimulus is removed

Acute inflammatory response

5 cardinal signs of inflammation:

Heat


Redness


Swelling


Pain


Loss of function

3 stages of inflammation:

Acute


Subacute


Chronic

Stage of inflammation: Reaction to injury / 0-14 days

Acute stage

Stage of inflammation: symptoms diminish/ 14-31 days

Subacute stage

Stage of inflammation: unwarranted inflammation / >30 days past expected resolution

Chronic stage

Blood clotting

Coagulation

Events that form characteristic scar

Wound contraction

Over time, scar begins to resemble tissue it replaced

Scar maturation

Treatment strategies: Goal: reduce edema and prevent secondary injury (9)

Voluntary muscle contractions


Compression devices


Elevation


Electrically induced muscle contractions


PROM


Massage


Passive motion (CPM)


Compression wraps


Ice applications

Treatment strategies: Goal: reduce muscle spasms and trigger points (10)

Massage


Cryostretch


Electrical stimulation


Ultrasound


Active exercise


Injection


Iontophoresis


Ice application


Cervical or lumbar traction


Reduction of edema

Treatment strategies: Goal: regard atrophy (3)

Immobilize in lengthened position if possible


Isometric contractions


Electrical muscle stimulation (NMES)