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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stress placed on a cell causes: (3) |
Cell adaption Cell alters but recovers Cell death |
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Body's mechanism for coping with stress |
General adaption syndrome |
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3 stages of General adaption syndrome |
Alarm stage Resistance stage Exhaustion stage |
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Body's response to homeostasis / "fight or flight" response |
Alarm stage |
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Plateau in body's adaption response / longest stage |
Resistance stage |
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Body can no longer handle applied stresses / one or more body systems fail / traumatic or overuse injuries |
Exhaustion stage |
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Too much force in too little time / acute injury such as sprain, strain, or fracture |
Macrotrauma |
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Repeated, relatively low intensity forces / stress fractures, chronic inflammatory conditions, and muscle soreness |
Microtrauma |
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None adapts to forces placed on it (with increased activity) |
Wolff's law |
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TISSUE. SKIN, heart, and blood vessels, hollow organs, glands, and external openings |
Epithelial |
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Change in cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium |
Depolarization |
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Returns electrical balance to cells resting pltential |
Repolarization |
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Tissue destruction related directly with the traumatic force / irreversible damage |
Primary response |
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Cell death caused by blockage of O2 supply or enzymatic damage and mitochondrial failure / treatment efforts used to prevent injury |
Secondary damage |
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3 phases of healing |
Acute inflammatory stage Proliferation stage Maturation phase |
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Phagocytes and fibroblast collect, formation of granulation, histamine released, swelling occurs |
Acute inflammatory stage |
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Revascularization, wound contraction, and wound remodeling / formation of early scar |
Proliferation stage |
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Replacement tissue organized and strengthened / formation of permanent scar |
Maturation phase |
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Nec part of healing process / control affects of trauma and prep body for healing / inflammation pain alerts tissue damage / begins right after trauma and ends when stimulus is removed |
Acute inflammatory response |
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5 cardinal signs of inflammation: |
Heat Redness Swelling Pain Loss of function |
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3 stages of inflammation: |
Acute Subacute Chronic |
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Stage of inflammation: Reaction to injury / 0-14 days |
Acute stage |
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Stage of inflammation: symptoms diminish/ 14-31 days |
Subacute stage |
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Stage of inflammation: unwarranted inflammation / >30 days past expected resolution |
Chronic stage |
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Blood clotting |
Coagulation |
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Events that form characteristic scar |
Wound contraction |
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Over time, scar begins to resemble tissue it replaced |
Scar maturation |
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Treatment strategies: Goal: reduce edema and prevent secondary injury (9) |
Voluntary muscle contractions Compression devices Elevation Electrically induced muscle contractions PROM Massage Passive motion (CPM) Compression wraps Ice applications |
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Treatment strategies: Goal: reduce muscle spasms and trigger points (10) |
Massage Cryostretch Electrical stimulation Ultrasound Active exercise Injection Iontophoresis Ice application Cervical or lumbar traction Reduction of edema |
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Treatment strategies: Goal: regard atrophy (3) |
Immobilize in lengthened position if possible Isometric contractions Electrical muscle stimulation (NMES) |