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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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collagen
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Most abundant protein in connective tissue, most abundant in the body
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connective tissue
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blood, cartilege, and bones
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Wolff's law
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Form follows Function.
bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads it is placed under. If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself over time to become stronger to resist that sort of loading. The converse is true as well: if the loading on a bone decreases, the bone will become weaker due to turnover as it is less metabolically costly to maintain and there is no stimulus for continued remodeling that is required to maintain bone mass. |
None
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amenorrhea
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absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
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menopause
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permanent physiological cessation of menstrual cycles. 45-50, can be 5 either way (early or late menopause), beyond that considered not normal.
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articulation
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a joint
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None
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ligaments
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connect bone to bone
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Names of muscle plexes
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Cervical, brahial, lumbar, sacral
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cervical plexus
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C1-C4 innervate head, neck, upper chest, shoulders
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brachial plexus
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C5-T1 innervate from sholder to fingertips
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lumbar plexus
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L1-L4 innervate abdomen, groin, genatalia, antero-lateral thigh
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sacral plexus
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L4-S4 large muscles of posterior thigh and frm legs through toetips.
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nerve impulses
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messages from CNS or from receptors
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types of receptors
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pain, temperature, pressure, changes in body position
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None
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sensory nerve cells
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carry messages from receptors to brain
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motor nerve cells
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carry messages from the CNS
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muscles burning
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accompanies muscle fatigue, warng of a muscle or temdon injury via overexertion, and a sign to lower the intensity level
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5 functions of skeletal system
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protect vital organs, support the body, framework for muscle attachment, marrow produces red and some white blood cells and platelets , store minerals
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4 shapes of bones
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long, short, flat, irregular
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Bone concern with menopause/amenorhhea
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substantial bone mineral loss.
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axial skeleton
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head, vertebral columnm, thorax
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connective tissue
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blood, cartilege, and bones
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sedentary
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remaining fixed in a certain place
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axis of rotation
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imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of movement about which a joint rotates.
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flexion
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Like "flexing your bicep" .. reducing the bone angle
Sagittal plane (up/down)decrease the angle between the anterior surfaces of the bones (move arm out in front of you) Though knees and toes are backwards, toward the posterior |
None
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extension
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straightening out
increase the angle between the anteror surface of the bones, push your arm down to your side. |
None
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abduction
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Frontal plane, in relationship to the midline of the body. Moving away from the midline of the body
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adduction
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moving toward the midline of the body
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anatomical position
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where the bone naturaly is
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aponeurosis
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broad, flat tendon
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agonist
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muscle that's contracting to do work
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antagonist
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opposing muscle that's stretching while the other is contracting
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synergist
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muscles that help with some function
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eversion
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turning the foot out
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None
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plantarflexion
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inversion
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point toes inward
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None
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Number of muscle plexuses
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Names of muscle plexes
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Cervical, brahial, lumbar, sacral
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cervical plexus
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C1-C4 innervate head, neck, upper chest, shoulders
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brachial plexus
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C5-T1 innervate from sholder to fingertips
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lumbar plexus
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L1-L4 innervate abdomen, groin, genatalia, antero-lateral thigh
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sacral plexus
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L4-S4 large muscles of posterior thigh and frm legs through toetips.
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nerve impulses
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messages from CNS or from receptors
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tyopes of receptors
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pain, temperature, pressure, changes in body position
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sensory nerve cells
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carry messages from receptors to brain
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motor nerve cells
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carry messages from the CNS
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muscles burning
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accompanies muscle fatigue, warng of a muscle or temdon injury via overexertion, and a sign to lower the intensity level
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5 functions of skeletal system
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protect vital organs, support the body, framework for muscle attachment, marrow produces red and some white blood cells and platelets , store minerals
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4 shapes of bones
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long, short, flat, irregular
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Bone concern with menopause/amenorhhea
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substantial bone mineral loss.
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axial skeleton
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head, vertebral columnm, thorax
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appendicular skeleton
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bones of the limbs and the bones than connect them to the axial skeleton
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types of joints
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fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial, diarthroses
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fibrous joint
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tightly held by fibruous connective tissue. Skull plates etc.
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cartilaginous joints
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no cavity, cartilige on both sides of the joint. Not much movement breastbone etc.
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synovial joints
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joint cavity, limited in movement by shape of the bone and the surrounding tussue. With injury, membrane may secrete excess fluid, causing pain.
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miniscus
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especially knee, disks in the joint that help it move more
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diarthroses
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synovial joints that can move many different ways
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uniplanar joint
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a hinge, moves in one plane. Elbow etc
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biplanar joint
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move in two planes. Knee and foot etc.
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multiplanar joint
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move in two planes of motion. Shoulder, hip (ball and socket) thumb (saddle)
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two types of synovial joint movement
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angular, circular
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rotation
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spin around, hip etc.
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supination
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the external rotation of the forearm to put palm to anterior
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pronation
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rotating palm to posterior
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circumduction
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flexion, abduction, extension, then adduction
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dorsiflexion
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top of foot moving toward shin
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plantarflexion
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sole of foot downward, pointing toes
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inversion
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moving medial foot
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eversion
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moving lateral foot
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None
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opposition
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using the thumb in opposition to the fingers.
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