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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In regard to Precision Vs. Accuracy, Reliability is ____ while Validity is _______
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Precision = Reliability
Accuracy = Validity |
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Definition of Reliability
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Measure repeated outcomes with consistent scores; the extent to which a measurement is consistent and free from error
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What is Test-Retest Reliability
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a basic premise of reliability is the stability of the measuring instrument; will obtain the same results with repeated tests
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What is intrarater reliability
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Refers to the stability of data recorded by one individual
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What is interrater reliability
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concerns variation between two or more raters who measure the same group of subjects
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What is the primary criteria for choosing an appropriate time interval in test-retest intervals
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the stability of the response variable and the test's intended purpose.
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Time intervals in test-retest intervals should be far apart enough to avoid
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fatigue, learning, or memory effects, while being close to enough to avoid genuine changes in the measured variable
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reliability can be influenced by the ____ of the first test on the _____ of the second test
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effect, outcome,
and example is that a test of dexterity may improve because of motor learning. |
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Rater Bias is
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for when the rater has a vested interest in the outcome, or when one rater takes two measurements, because raters can be influenced by their memory of the first score.
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what is systematic error
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predictable errors of measurement, consistently overestimating or underestimating the true score, constant and biased
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If a systematic error is detected, you can correct it by
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recalibrating the system or to adjust for it by adding or subtracting the appropriate constant
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What is Random Error
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measurement are due to chance and can affect the score in an unpredictable way from trial to trial.
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An example of Random error is
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measuring a patient's height and the patient moves while his height is being measured each time, so it will be inconsistent
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What is regression toward the mean
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single test's potentially extreme score; multiple tests reveal score closer to group average
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what is the classical reliability theory
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Single score made up of true score & random error gives best estimate of actual value
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what is the generalizability theory
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single score made up of true score and various types of error. Must consider the specific measurement scenario when considering reliability of measure, including test-retest error, rater error, random and other measurable errors
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What is Reliability Coefficient
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an estimate of the extent to which a test score is free from error. Is expressed as a ratio True score Variance/ True score variance + Error Variance. Worst value is 0, best reliability value is 1
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What is correlation
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Correlation reflects the degree of association between two sets of data, or the consistency of position within two distributions. (relationship)
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what is agreement
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Recording same actual values. You can have perfect correlation but if there is no agreement it can illustrate poor reliability
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For statistical tests of reliability, the ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient) has become the preferred index because it reflects both ____ and ____
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correlation and agreement
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Kappa Statistic and Percent Agreement are used with
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nominal data / categorical data
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Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients are used with
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interval-ratio data and ordinal data in the continuous data category
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Standard error of measurement is
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how confident you are that the measure falls within a certain range. SEM = std dev x sqrt(1- reliability coefficient)
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The greater the reliability, the _____ the SEM (standard error of measurement)
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smaller
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Variation around a measure example. While using grip strength and a dynomometer, if there was a 95% variation around a measure = +/- 3 ft.lbs, and the subject measured to have 25ft.lbs of grip strength you would be ____ confident the true grip strength lies between ___ and ___ ft.lbs
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95%, 22 and 28 ft.lbs
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minimal detectable change/difference (MDC) is
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used to define the amount of change in a variable that must be achieved to reflect a true difference
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minimal detectable change is not a clinical measure for measuring meaningful improvement, it is only a _____ measure
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statistical
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