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55 Cards in this Set
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Antibiotics MOA
Sulfonamides; Bacteriostatic |
disrupt PABA and folic acid formation and thus destroy bacteria
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Penicillins MOA
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prevent bacteria from forming a cell wall
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cephalosporins
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prevent bacteria from forming a cell wall
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tetracyclines
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bind ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria
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macrolides
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bind ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis
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quinolones MOA
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antagonize enzyme responsible for collecting and replicating DNA, DNA breakage occurs
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aminoglycosides
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bind ribosomal subunits to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
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clindamycin cleocin
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inhibit protein synthesis
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metronidazole (flagyl)
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destroys parts of bacteria's DNA nucleus
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Vancomycin (vancocin)
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interferes with bacterial cell wall formation
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antifungals
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prevent synthesis of ergosterol
inhibit fungal cytochrome P-450 |
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antiretrovirals
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limit the progression of the retrovirus that causes HIV
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nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIS)
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inhibit release of neuraminidase (viral enzyme) to prevent spread of virus to healthy cells
binds and inhibits action of neuraminidase result: defective proviral nucleus which can't become part of host cells nucleus |
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non nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIS)
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inhibit action of neuraminidase by preventing formation of proviral DNA
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protease inhibitors
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prevent cleavage of HIV protein precursors , which are needed for replication of new viruses
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antihistamines MOA
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block release of H1 in respiratory system
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antitussives MOA
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depression of cough center or
suppression of nerve receptors in respiratory system |
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decongestants MOA
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stimulated alpha-adrenergic receptors
result: dilated arteries within the nasal mucosa |
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expectorants (decongestant) MOA
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decrease thickness of mucus by decreasing viscosity of liquid
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anxiety
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affective disorder
state of uneasiness characterized by apprehension and worry about possible events |
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depression treatment
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SSRIs
block re-uptake of serotonin |
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tricyclic antidepressants MOA
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block re-uptake of norepinenephrine and serotonin
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monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) MOA
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inhibit enzymes which breakdown catecholamine
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bipolar disorder definition and MOA
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depressive psychosis
alternates between excessive phases of mania and depression |
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psychosis definition
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chronic psychotic disorder
retreat from reality, delusions, hallucinations, ambivalence, withdrawal |
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CNS disorders (convulsions/epilepsy) definitions
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defined as paroxysmal, recurring seizures
disturbances in neuronal electrical activity |
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list 3 types of seizures
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partial
generalized status epilepticus |
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convulsions/epilepsy treatment MOA
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blocks synaptic transmission
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parkinson's disease definition
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group of disorders resulting in pathological alterations of the basal ganglia
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ADD definition
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characterizes by
hyperactivity impulsivity distractibility |
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multiple sclerosis definition
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autoimmune disease in which myelin sheath around nerve degenerate
decrease muscle tone and eyesight |
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alzheimer's disease definition
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degenerative disease leading to dementia
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asthma definition
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inflammation in the lungs that causes airways to constrict
characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and cough |
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bronchodilators MOA
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bind B2 receptors causing relax of smooth muscles
result: decrease of bronchospasms |
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xanthine derivatives MOA
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reverse bronchospasm associated with antigens and irritants
improve contractility of diaphragm |
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leukotriene inhibitors MOA
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block the effects of leukotrienes, resulting in blocking of tissue inflammatory responses such as edema
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corticosteroids MOA
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stimulate adenylate cyclase and inhibit inflammatory cells
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mast cell stabilizers MOA
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inhibit inflammatory cells
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emphysema definition
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characterized by destruction of
tiny alveoli walls air sacs |
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bronchitis definition and name of treatment
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obstruction of airflow during expiration
lung's defense mechanism has been destroyed excessive mucus expectoration treatment name: mucolytics |
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mucolytics MOA
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break apart glycoprotein
resulting in reduction of viscosity easier movement and removal of secretions |
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tuberculosis definition
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slow, progressive respiratory disease
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tuberculosis symptoms
patient with clinical symptoms are treated with at least _____ medications |
weight loss
fever night sweats loss of appetite 2 |
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smoking increase the risk of _____, _____, _____
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heart disease, COPD, stroke
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antacids (gastrointestinal agent) MOA
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neutralize stomach acid to prevent reflux
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H2 antagonists (GI agent) MOA
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block gastric acid and pepsin secretion from histamine, gastrin, caffeine, cholinergic stimulation via
competitive inhibition of H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells |
block gastric and pepsin secretion
target H2 receptors of gastric parietal cells |
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proton pump inhibitors (GI agent) MOA
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inhibit parietal cell ATP pump
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coating agents (GI agent) MOA
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form a protective coat over ulcer against gastric acid, pepsin, bile salts
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emollients/lubricants/saline laxatives MOA
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emollients laxatives draw water into colon resulting in bowel evacuation
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stimulant laxatives
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increase gut activity from mucosal stimulation
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bulk-forming laxatives MOA
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increase fiber in diet, resulting in intestinal peristalsis
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bowel evacuant laxatives MOA
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increase osmolarity of bowel fluids
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antiemetics MOA
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inhibit the impulse going from the chemo-trigger zone to the stomach
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antiflatulents MOA
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reduce surface tension resulting in gas bubbles being released more easily
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diuretics definition
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maintain balance of
water electrolytes acids and bases in body |
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