Pt Midterm Exam

Front 1

The treatment of disease by rays of light is known as _________?

Back 1

actinotherapy

Front 2

The use of cold in treatment of disease is known as ___________?

Back 2

cryotherapy

Front 3

The use of muscle stim is an example of what kind of therapy?

Back 3

Electrotherapy

Front 4

The use of water in treatment therapy is known as_________?

Back 4

Hydrotherapy

Front 5

The use of machines and exercise as a form of therapy is also known as __________?

Back 5

mechanotherapy

Front 6

What is the primary effect of cryotherapy?

Back 6

Hypothermal

Front 7

What is the primary effect of superficial heat?

Back 7

Thermal

Front 8

What is the primary effect of electrotherapy/muscle stim?

Back 8

Electrokinetic

Front 9

What are the 3 types of application of therapy?

Back 9

Conduction, Evaporation, Convection

Front 10

What is the term for an application of a solid, liquid or gas applied to the skin that is lower in temperature?

Back 10

conduction

Front 11

What type of application occurs when volatile liquids are sprayed on the skin?

Back 11

evaporation

Front 12

The use of currents and a fluid medium (ie. ultrasound) is an example of what type of application?

Back 12

Convection

Front 13

Name at least 3 localized effects of cold

Back 13

Reduced nerve conduction, analgesia, reduction of cell metabolism, vasoconstriction, decrease in exudates, spasm reduction, decreased capillary blood pressure, increased muscle tone

Front 14

What is the general effect cold has on fatigue?

Back 14

cold decreases fatigue

Front 15

Name the two types of vapocoolant sprays in cryotherapy?

Back 15

1. flouri-methane
2. ethyl chloride

Front 16

What is the treatment time for ice massage?

Back 16

5 minutes

Front 17

What is an alternate name for ice massage?

Back 17

therapeutic ice

Front 18

Name some "itis's" that can be treated with ice

Back 18

bursitis, epicondylitis, plantar fascitis

Front 19

What are the two main vascular reasons to use ice on an acute injury?

Back 19

1. Stop the bleed
2. Slow edema

Front 20

When there is a primary vasodilation at the anastamoses due to prolonged treatment, what's this called?

Back 20

Hunting reaction

Front 21

Name a contraindication to cryotherapy.

Back 21

Raynaud's, Chilblain, Gout, RA, Diabetes

Front 22

Pain sensitive nerves growing into scar tissue is known as ________ _________?

Back 22

Territorial invasion

Front 23

How many weeks is a patient considered to be in the regeneration phase of tissue healing?

Back 23

6 to 8 weeks

Front 24

Name the 3 stages (in order) of Soft tissue injury.

Back 24

1. acute inflammation
2. regeneration
3. remodeling

Front 25

Name the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation

Back 25

Pain - dolor
Heat - calor
Redness - rubor
Swelling - tumor

Front 26

What is the term describing pain as a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Back 26

Dolor

Front 27

What is the term describing heat as a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Back 27

Calor

Front 28

What is the term describing redness as a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Back 28

rubor

Front 29

What is the term describing swelling as a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Back 29

tumor

Front 30

Putting a heat pack on a person's lower extremities in order to stimulate blood flow in the area is known as what type of response?

Back 30

systemic parasympathetic vasomotor response

Front 31

Name the 3 types of superficial heat

Back 31

Condction, Convection, Radiation

Front 32

What type of superficial heat is a hydrocollator pack considered?

Back 32

Conduction

Front 33

What type of superficial heat is a whirlpool considered?

Back 33

Convection

Front 34

Using an infrared lamp is considered what type of superficial heat?

Back 34

Radiation

Front 35

What temperature is the lowest your hydrocollator should be set at in fahrenheit?

Back 35

150 degrees

Front 36

Name some contraindications to superificial heat

Back 36

diabetes, inflammatory stage, neoplasm, Big & Little 4

Front 37

Name the Big 4

Back 37

1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function
3. Too little vascularture (in the young)
4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old)

Front 38

Name the Big 4

Back 38

1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function
3. Too little vascularture (in the young)
4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old)

Front 39

Name the Big 4

Back 39

1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function
3. Too little vascularture (in the young)
4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old)

Front 40

Name the Big 4

Back 40

1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function
3. Too little vascularture (in the young)
4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old)

Front 41

Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on

Back 41

1. Growth plates
2. Fetus
3. Cancer
4. Infections

Front 42

Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on

Back 42

1. Growth plates
2. Fetus
3. Cancer
4. Infections

Front 43

Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on

Back 43

1. Growth plates
2. Fetus
3. Cancer
4. Infections

Front 44

Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on

Back 44

1. Growth plates
2. Fetus
3. Cancer
4. Infections

Front 45

What are the steps of patient sensation felt from ice massage?

Back 45

CBAN
Coolness, Burning, Aching, Numbness

Front 46

What are the steps of patient sensation felt from ice massage?

Back 46

CBAN
Coolness, Burning, Aching, Numbness

Front 47

What is the term used for overexposure from heat therapies?

Back 47

Erythema ab igne

Front 48

How many towel layers are needed for heat therapies?

Back 48

six

Front 49

Name a type of heat therapy you should use on non-acute arthridities?

Back 49

Paraffin

Front 50

What is the ratio of paraffin to mineral oil?

Back 50

7:1 or 4:1

Front 51

What is the ratio of mineral oil to paraffin?

Back 51

1:7 or 1:4 (read the question!!)

Front 52

What is added to paraffin to lower the melting point of the wax?

Back 52

Mineral oil

Front 53

Name a type of heat therapy you could use on an open wound

Back 53

Fluidotherapy (the ONLY one you can use)

Front 54

What is the melting point of paraffin?

Back 54

125-130 degrees F

Front 55

How many immersions should you use on a patient with paraffin therapy?

Back 55

7-10 immersions

Front 56

True/False? Paraffin is not flammable.

Back 56

False

Front 57

True/False? It's a bad thing to smoke your trendy artificial chemical amusements around a patient receiving paraffin therapy.

Back 57

True - it'll burn yo ass up!

Front 58

Turning electrical energy into mechanical energy with ultrasound therapy is called the _________ _______.

Back 58

piezoelectric effect

Front 59

What effect does ultrasound cause on tissue?

Back 59

piezoelectric

Front 60

What effects does continuous ultrasound produce on tissue?

Back 60

micromassage AND HEAT

Front 61

What effect(s) are produced from pulsed ultrasound?

Back 61

Micromassage

Front 62

Which ultrasound therapy produces heat?

Back 62

continuous

Front 63

Name the frequencies available to us for ultrasound.

Back 63

1 and 3.3 megahertz

Front 64

What frequency of ultrasound should you use to penetrate 2 inches of tissue?

Back 64

1 mhz

Front 65

What frequency of ultrasound should you use to penetrate 3/4 inch of tissue?

Back 65

3.3 mhz

Front 66

What substance is considered the best conductor for ultrasound?

Back 66

Water

Front 67

What is the most common crystal found in ultrasound machines?

Back 67

Barium Titanate

Front 68

Power for ultrasound is measured in what?

Back 68

Watts

Front 69

What frequency of ultrasound do you use to affect 5 centimeters deep of tissue?

Back 69

1 mhz

Front 70

Intensity of ultrasound is measured in what?

Back 70

watts/cm squared

Front 71

Where do you get the most heat absorption (and thus burn) from ultrasound therapy?

Back 71

bone-muscle interface aka periosteum

Front 72

True/False? Sub-acute and chronic radiculitis is an indication to use ultrasound.

Back 72

True

Front 73

True/False? Sub-acute and chronic radiculitis is a contraindication to use ultrasound.

Back 73

False

Front 74

Acute radiculitis is a (contraindication/indication) of ultrasound therapy?

Back 74

contraindication

Front 75

Is it safe to use ultrasound over a spinous process?

Back 75

No

Front 76

Introducing a substance to the body through the skin with the assistance of ultrasound is called?

Back 76

phonophoresis

Front 77

If you introduced hydrocortisone through the skin during ultrasound, this is called?

Back 77

phonophoresis (it's usually coupled with the gel)

Front 78

What is the most common beam nonuniformity ratio used?

Back 78

5:1

Front 79

What is the best nonuniformity ratio?

Back 79

2:1

Front 80

What is the other term for direct/monophasic low frequency currents?

Back 80

galvanic

Front 81

What is the other term for alternating low frequency current?

Back 81

biphasic

Front 82

What is the other term for galvanic low frequency currents?

Back 82

direct OR monophasic

Front 83

Electrons displaced or added to or from an atom is called ___________.

Back 83

ionization

Front 84

Units of potential energy are called __________ or ____________ force.

Back 84

volts or electromotive force

Front 85

The pathway that electrons move or flow due to a difference in charge is known as a _______. (in other words, this is what is created by using at least 2 pads for muscle stim)

Back 85

Circuit

Front 86

What is the biological term for electric resistance?

Back 86

impedance

Front 87

What organ is the biggest resistor to electrical current in the body?

Back 87

skin

Front 88

If you decrease electrical frequency, what do you do to resistance?

Back 88

increase (frequency inversely associated with resistance)

Front 89

What is the formula of Ohm's law? (note: you must know how to apply it multiple ways)

Back 89

E=I*R

Front 90

What do you use to solve for intensity with Ohm's law?

Back 90

E/R (electromotive force divided by resistance)

Front 91

The intensity of an electric current varies directly with the electromotive force and inversely with the resistance of the pathway - This definition is called what?

Back 91

Ohm's law

Front 92

The movement of electrons back and forth from pole to pole is called a _____?

Back 92

Cycle

Front 93

A cycle of one alternating current in one second is called one _____.

Back 93

Hertz

Front 94

The amount of current needed to produce muscular contraction is called _________ or intensity.

Back 94

rheobase

Front 95

The shortest time interval that is needed to produce a muscular contraction is called ___________ or time.

Back 95

chronaxie

Front 96

Indications to use EMS?

Back 96

adhesions, restricted joint motion, PAIN indirectly (the big one)

Front 97

What level do you need to set the hertz at to release enkephalins?

Back 97

70-150 hz (although 80-120 preferred by Dr. K)

Front 98

At what level should your electric stim be set at to produce endorphin release?

Back 98

1-10 hz (although at machines it says 3-5)

Front 99

The only medium frequency current is called ___________ current.

Back 99

interferential current

Front 100

What general CNS structure do enkephalins originate from?

Back 100

spinal cord

Front 101

Where do endorphins come from anatomically?

Back 101

site specific

Front 102

What modality is our only medium frequency current?

Back 102

interferential

Front 103

What is the cycle time for russian stim?

Back 103

10/50

Front 104

Overstimulation of a nerve causing fatigue/inhibition of a muscle is known as ___________ inhibition.

Back 104

Wedensky

Front 105

When you can't feel stim on a muscle near the end of treatment, this is an example of _________ inhibition.

Back 105

Wedensky

Front 106

Vectoring is a function of _________.

Back 106

intensity

Front 107

Sweep is a function of _________. (Guaranteed TQ!)

Back 107

frequency

Front 108

What is the Hz setting for Russian stim?

Back 108

2500 Hz

Front 109

Dosages ______ is an alternate word for pain control.

Back 109

mitis

Front 110

What dosis is an aggressive treatment for chronic pain/injury?

Back 110

Dosis Fortis

Front 111

What dosis is used to describe when you are brought to your pain threshold?

Back 111

Dosis Normalis

Front 112

What dosis is used for pain-killing but works below threshold?

Back 112

Dosis Sumitis

Front 113

What is the term for the Dosis that involves your own personal perception of your pain control?

Back 113

Dosis Mitis

Front 114

Briefly describe the Gate Theory

Back 114

Neurological control of pain determining which types of pain get to the brain and which doesn't - helps explain phantom or chronic pain

Front 115

Who thought up the Gate Theory?

Back 115

Melzack & Wall

Front 116

Destruction or stress placed upon tissues of the body is known as ___________ pain.

Back 116

mechanical

Front 117

Dull, diffuse ache unrelated to posture is known as ___________ pain.

Back 117

visceral