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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What does HIPAA stand for and what are its purposes?
health insurance portability and accountability act,

to protect confidentiality of pt medical info
to protect pt records when stored
to protect pt records between health care providers and insurers
what are some pt identifiers?
name, address, SSN, MRN, photo id, fingerprints, and numbers associated with pt (license, insurance info, etc.)
which of the following are PTA's licensed to perform?
examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention
examination and intervention
the chart review consists of what?
PT notes, Doctors notes, nursing notes, PT initial evaluation, special orders, pt related tests
what are the 3 criteria for goal setting?
pt centered, functional, and measurable
interventions are broken into what 4 categories
type, amount, duration, frequency
when hands are visibly dirty, contaminated, or soiled, wash with what?
non-antimicrobial or antimicrobial soap and water
if hands are not visibly soiled, use what to decontaminate hands?
alcohol based hand sanitizer
3 Types of Transmission-Based precautions:
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Contact Precautions main idea
highly transmittable, spread by close or direct contact, masks, gowns and gloves if in close or direct contact
Droplet Precautions main idea
prevents transmission of infectious diseases over short distances through air (droplet transmission) and occasional direct or indirect contact transmission
Droplet Precautions

Specifications
Private room or private cubicle if in the outpatient setting
Masks
Handwashing
Bagging of infectious material
Airborne Precautions main idea
prevents infections that are transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei (small residue 5 microns or smaller in size).
Airborne Precautions

Specifications
Airborne infection isolation room (AIIR): negative pressure room
Respirator mask:
Gowns if soiling likely
Gloves for contact, Handwashing
Proper disposal of contaminated items, Patient transport limited.
what are the 5 cardinal rules of body mechanics
keep load close to body
keep a wide BOS
isometric contraction of trunk
lift with legs
do not twist
what is the difference between gait training and ambulation?
gait training requires skill
always use a gait belt when?
during transfers and gait training
what should you do if a pt loses balance during gait training?
pull pt towards you into your COG over BOS slowly lower pt to ground or w/c
when gaurding a pt, where should the PTA be?
body at 45 degree angle slightly to side and slightly behind pt on the involved side of pt
PTA's position relative to pt when moving large object or assisting pt:
position behind pt or equipment
face in direction of movement
remember to not obstruct pt's view or path of movement
what is ergonomics
an area of study that concentrates on work performance with focuses on worker safety and productivity
heart rate
measure taken over heart (auscultation)
pulse rate
bpm
heart rate measured distally
when should we check pulse rate
PR is measured before, during, and after physical stress and exercise
what is the difference between basal heart rate and resting heart rate?
basal is the HR after an extended rest (sleep)
normal PR for adults and children
adult 60-100 bpm

infants and children 80-100 bpm
bradycardia
slow resting PR<60 bpm
tachycardia
rapid PR>100 bpm
what is Max HR and Targer HR?
Max HR- 220-age

Target HR- HR person should achieve during exercise, between 60-80 percent
Locations for palpating PR
Carotid (lateral aspect of neck)
brachial (medial aspect of arm midway down shaft of humerus)
radial (lateral to tendons of finger flexors)
femoral (femoral triangle)
popliteal (just above post. aspect of knee)
doral pedal (dorsum of foot over cuboid bone)
most common used sites for taking PR
radial and carotid
the measure of vascular resistance to blood flow
BP
systolic and diastolic
BP- systolic/diastolic mmHg

systolic-pressure exerted by blood against artieral walls when the heart contracts
diastolic- pressure exerted by the arterial walls against blood when heart is not contracting (relax)
sounds heard through ausculation with stethoscope
Korotkoff sounds
Korotkoff sound 1
snapping sound first heard at the systolic pressure. q
korotkoff sound 2
murmurs heard between systolic and diastolic pressures. no clinical significance
Korotkoff sound 3
loud crisp tapping sound. no clinical significance
Korotkoff sound 4
described at thumping and muting is the diastolic BP
Korotkoff sound 5
the silence as the cuff pressure drops below the diastolic blood pressure. The disappearance of sound is considered diastolic blood pressure -- 2 mmHg above the last sound heard.
BP site at the left arm correlates with what?
the level of the tricuspid valve
BP ranges in adults
normal 120/60 mmHg
pre-hypertension 120-139/80-89
stage 1 hypertension 140-159/90-99
stage 2 hypertension >160/>100
what is orthostatic hypotension
a decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg or more when change in position
RR norms
adult-12-18 breaths per minute

children- 20 breaths per minute
Temp norms
afebrile vs febrile
adult 98.6 degrees Ferinheit

afebrile is no fever with normal temp

febrile is temp above 100 degrees
terminate exercise when O2 saturation is less than what?
<90 percent
terminate exercise when SBP is what?
>200 mmHg
decreases to <90 mmHg
drops more than 10 mmHg from resting or with increase exercise
terminate exercise when DBP is what?
>110 mmHG
SOB, Angina, dizziness, cyanosis, diaphoresis, pallor, ataxia, bilateral edema in pt with CHF, abnormal change in heart or breaths sounds are indications to do what with a pt during exercise?
terminate or quit exercise and notify PT
what is VAS?
stands for Visual analog scale
used to assess for pain from 0-10
average hemoglobin, BUN, Blood glucose
hemoglobin-
male 14-18 mg/dL
female 12-16 mg/dL
children 11.2-16.5 mg/dL

BUN-10-20 mg/dL
Blood Glucose- 100-250 mg/dL
repositioning in w/c should be done every what?
10 min
total assist
0-24
max assist
25-49
mod assist
50-74
min assist
75-99
supine positioning
pillow under head
pillow under knees
pillow length wise under knees to relieve heel pressure
pillow under UE
prone positioning
pillow under trunk to prevent excessive curve of spine
pillow crosswise and distal to breasts for better comfort
pillow under lower legs (reduce plantar flexion)
feel can be placed over edge of table
sidelying positioning
lower trunk and at least 1 LE is slightly flexed
pillow under head for comfort
pillow between LE's
top UE supported on pillow
top LE supported on pillow
long sitting
legs straight out in front
short sitting
sitting with LE's in flexed position over edge of chair or mat
sit to stand
scoot forward in chair
place feet shoulder width apart
place feet under and slightly behind your knees
place hands on the arm rests
nose over toes
push up with your hands and legs
stand to sit
back up to the chair until pt feels it with back of legs
reach back for arm rests
bend, stick out your butt
sit down slowly and controlled
trendelenburg position
pt is supine on a surface inclined 45 degrees.
pelvis is higher than the head

used during or after operations in the pelvis or for shock
reverse trendelenburg
lower extremities are leveled lower than the head and neck.
fowlers position
head is elevated
low fowlers position
pt head is elevated 18-20 in. (30-45 degrees)
semi fowlers position
head less elevated than fowlers position
did i miss anything?
....