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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does HIPAA stand for and what are its purposes?
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health insurance portability and accountability act,
to protect confidentiality of pt medical info to protect pt records when stored to protect pt records between health care providers and insurers |
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what are some pt identifiers?
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name, address, SSN, MRN, photo id, fingerprints, and numbers associated with pt (license, insurance info, etc.)
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which of the following are PTA's licensed to perform?
examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention |
examination and intervention
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the chart review consists of what?
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PT notes, Doctors notes, nursing notes, PT initial evaluation, special orders, pt related tests
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what are the 3 criteria for goal setting?
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pt centered, functional, and measurable
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interventions are broken into what 4 categories
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type, amount, duration, frequency
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when hands are visibly dirty, contaminated, or soiled, wash with what?
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non-antimicrobial or antimicrobial soap and water
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if hands are not visibly soiled, use what to decontaminate hands?
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alcohol based hand sanitizer
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3 Types of Transmission-Based precautions:
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Contact
Droplet Airborne |
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Contact Precautions main idea
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highly transmittable, spread by close or direct contact, masks, gowns and gloves if in close or direct contact
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Droplet Precautions main idea
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prevents transmission of infectious diseases over short distances through air (droplet transmission) and occasional direct or indirect contact transmission
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Droplet Precautions
Specifications |
Private room or private cubicle if in the outpatient setting
Masks Handwashing Bagging of infectious material |
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Airborne Precautions main idea
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prevents infections that are transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei (small residue 5 microns or smaller in size).
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Airborne Precautions
Specifications |
Airborne infection isolation room (AIIR): negative pressure room
Respirator mask: Gowns if soiling likely Gloves for contact, Handwashing Proper disposal of contaminated items, Patient transport limited. |
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what are the 5 cardinal rules of body mechanics
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keep load close to body
keep a wide BOS isometric contraction of trunk lift with legs do not twist |
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what is the difference between gait training and ambulation?
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gait training requires skill
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always use a gait belt when?
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during transfers and gait training
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what should you do if a pt loses balance during gait training?
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pull pt towards you into your COG over BOS slowly lower pt to ground or w/c
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when gaurding a pt, where should the PTA be?
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body at 45 degree angle slightly to side and slightly behind pt on the involved side of pt
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PTA's position relative to pt when moving large object or assisting pt:
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position behind pt or equipment
face in direction of movement remember to not obstruct pt's view or path of movement |
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what is ergonomics
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an area of study that concentrates on work performance with focuses on worker safety and productivity
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heart rate
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measure taken over heart (auscultation)
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pulse rate
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bpm
heart rate measured distally |
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when should we check pulse rate
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PR is measured before, during, and after physical stress and exercise
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what is the difference between basal heart rate and resting heart rate?
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basal is the HR after an extended rest (sleep)
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normal PR for adults and children
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adult 60-100 bpm
infants and children 80-100 bpm |
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bradycardia
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slow resting PR<60 bpm
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tachycardia
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rapid PR>100 bpm
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what is Max HR and Targer HR?
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Max HR- 220-age
Target HR- HR person should achieve during exercise, between 60-80 percent |
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Locations for palpating PR
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Carotid (lateral aspect of neck)
brachial (medial aspect of arm midway down shaft of humerus) radial (lateral to tendons of finger flexors) femoral (femoral triangle) popliteal (just above post. aspect of knee) doral pedal (dorsum of foot over cuboid bone) |
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most common used sites for taking PR
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radial and carotid
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the measure of vascular resistance to blood flow
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BP
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systolic and diastolic
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BP- systolic/diastolic mmHg
systolic-pressure exerted by blood against artieral walls when the heart contracts diastolic- pressure exerted by the arterial walls against blood when heart is not contracting (relax) |
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sounds heard through ausculation with stethoscope
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Korotkoff sounds
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Korotkoff sound 1
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snapping sound first heard at the systolic pressure. q
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korotkoff sound 2
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murmurs heard between systolic and diastolic pressures. no clinical significance
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Korotkoff sound 3
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loud crisp tapping sound. no clinical significance
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Korotkoff sound 4
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described at thumping and muting is the diastolic BP
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Korotkoff sound 5
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the silence as the cuff pressure drops below the diastolic blood pressure. The disappearance of sound is considered diastolic blood pressure -- 2 mmHg above the last sound heard.
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BP site at the left arm correlates with what?
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the level of the tricuspid valve
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BP ranges in adults
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normal 120/60 mmHg
pre-hypertension 120-139/80-89 stage 1 hypertension 140-159/90-99 stage 2 hypertension >160/>100 |
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what is orthostatic hypotension
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a decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg or more when change in position
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RR norms
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adult-12-18 breaths per minute
children- 20 breaths per minute |
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Temp norms
afebrile vs febrile |
adult 98.6 degrees Ferinheit
afebrile is no fever with normal temp febrile is temp above 100 degrees |
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terminate exercise when O2 saturation is less than what?
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<90 percent
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terminate exercise when SBP is what?
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>200 mmHg
decreases to <90 mmHg drops more than 10 mmHg from resting or with increase exercise |
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terminate exercise when DBP is what?
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>110 mmHG
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SOB, Angina, dizziness, cyanosis, diaphoresis, pallor, ataxia, bilateral edema in pt with CHF, abnormal change in heart or breaths sounds are indications to do what with a pt during exercise?
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terminate or quit exercise and notify PT
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what is VAS?
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stands for Visual analog scale
used to assess for pain from 0-10 |
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average hemoglobin, BUN, Blood glucose
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hemoglobin-
male 14-18 mg/dL female 12-16 mg/dL children 11.2-16.5 mg/dL BUN-10-20 mg/dL Blood Glucose- 100-250 mg/dL |
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repositioning in w/c should be done every what?
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10 min
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total assist
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0-24
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max assist
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25-49
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mod assist
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50-74
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min assist
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75-99
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supine positioning
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pillow under head
pillow under knees pillow length wise under knees to relieve heel pressure pillow under UE |
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prone positioning
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pillow under trunk to prevent excessive curve of spine
pillow crosswise and distal to breasts for better comfort pillow under lower legs (reduce plantar flexion) feel can be placed over edge of table |
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sidelying positioning
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lower trunk and at least 1 LE is slightly flexed
pillow under head for comfort pillow between LE's top UE supported on pillow top LE supported on pillow |
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long sitting
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legs straight out in front
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short sitting
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sitting with LE's in flexed position over edge of chair or mat
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sit to stand
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scoot forward in chair
place feet shoulder width apart place feet under and slightly behind your knees place hands on the arm rests nose over toes push up with your hands and legs |
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stand to sit
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back up to the chair until pt feels it with back of legs
reach back for arm rests bend, stick out your butt sit down slowly and controlled |
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trendelenburg position
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pt is supine on a surface inclined 45 degrees.
pelvis is higher than the head used during or after operations in the pelvis or for shock |
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reverse trendelenburg
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lower extremities are leveled lower than the head and neck.
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fowlers position
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head is elevated
low fowlers position pt head is elevated 18-20 in. (30-45 degrees) |
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semi fowlers position
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head less elevated than fowlers position
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did i miss anything?
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....
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