Pt Assessment Exam 1

Front 1

Cafe Au Lait Spot

Back 1

Slightly but uniformly pigmented macule or patch with a somewhat irregular border, usually 0.5 to 1.5cm in diameter. benign. Six or more spots each greater than 1.5cm suggest neurofibromatosis

Front 2

Tinea Versicolor

Back 2

Common superficial fungal infection of the skin, causing hypo pigmented, slightly scaly macules on the trunk, neck, upper arms. Short sleeved shirt distribution. Easier to see in dark skin. In light skin, macules may look reddish or tan instead of pale

Front 3

Vitiligo

Back 3

Depigmented macules appear on the face, hands, feet, extensor surfaces, and other regions and may coalesce into extensive areas that lack melanin. Brown pigment is normal skin color. pale areas are vitiligo. May be hereditary.

Front 4

Cyanosis

Back 4

Bluish color. Impaired venous return. Central cyanosis is seen in the lips, oral mucosa, and tongue. Causes: lung disease, CHD, hemoglobinopathies. Peripheral cyanosis: seen in extremities. Causes: CHF, venous obstruction

Front 5

Jaundice

Back 5

diffusely yellow. Liver disease, hemolysis of RBCs

Front 6

Carotenemia

Back 6

yellowish palm. does not affect sclera. caused by diet high in carrots and other yellow vegetables. Not harmful

Front 7

Heliotrope

Back 7

Violaceous eruption over the eyelids in the collagen vascular disease dermatomyositis

Front 8

Macule

Back 8

Small flat spot, up to 1.0 cm (hemangioma, vitiligo)

Front 9

Patch

Back 9

Flat spot, 1.0cm or larger (cafe au lait spot)

Front 10

Plaque

Back 10

elevated superficial lesion, 1.0cm or larger, often formed by coalescence of papules. (psoriasis)

Front 11

Papule

Back 11

up to 1.0 cm (psoriasis)

Front 12

Nodule

Back 12

Marble-like lesion larger than 0.5cm, often deeper and firmer than a papule (dermatofibroma)

Front 13

Cyst

Back 13

Nodule filled with expressible material, either liquid or semisolid (epidermal inclusion cyst)

Front 14

Wheal

Back 14

Somewhat irregular, relatively transient, superficial area of localized skin edema (urticaria)

Front 15

Vesicle

Back 15

Up to 1.0cm, filled with serous fluid (herpes simplex, herpes zoster)

Front 16

Bulla

Back 16

1.0cm or larger filled with serous fluid (insect bite)

Front 17

Pustule

Back 17

filled with pus (acne, small pox)

Front 18

Burrow

Back 18

Minute, slightly raised tunnel in the epidermis, common in finger webs and on the sides of fingers. short (5-15mm) linear or curved gray line. May end in tiny vesicle. Scabies

Front 19

Scale

Back 19

thin flake of dead exfoliated epidermis (ichthyosis vulgaris)

Front 20

Crust

Back 20

The dried residue of skin exudates such as serum, pus, or blood (impetigo)

Front 21

Lichenification

Back 21

Visible and palpable thickening of the epidermis and roughening of the skin with increased visibility of the normal skin furrows (neurodermatitis)

Front 22

Scars

Back 22

Connective tissue that arises from injury or disease

Front 23

Keloids

Back 23

Hypertrophic scarring that extends beyond the borders of the initiating injury

Front 24

Erosion

Back 24

Nonscarring loss of the superficial epidermis, surface is moist but does not bleed (apthous stomatitis)

Front 25

Excoriation

Back 25

Linear or punctate erosions caused by scratching

Front 26

Fissure

Back 26

Linear crack in skin often resulting from excessive dryness (Athlete's foot)

Front 27

Ulcer

Back 27

Deeper loss of epidermis and dermis, may bleed and scar. (syphilitic chancre)

Front 28

Actinic Keratosis

Back 28

Skin tumor. Superficial, flattened papules covered by a dry scale. Pink, tan, or gray. Can develop into squamous cell carcinoma

Front 29

Seborrheic Keratosis

Back 29

Benign, yellowish to brown raised lesions that feel slightly greasy and velvety or warty and have a stuck on appearance

Front 30

Basal cell carcinoma

Back 30

malignant, grows slowly and seldom metastasizes. usually appears on face. translucent nodule spreads leaving a depressed center and firm elevated border. telangiectatic vessels.

Front 31

Squamous cell carcinoma

Back 31

firmer and redder than BCC.

Front 32

Paronychia

Back 32

superficial infx of the proximal and lateral nail folds adjacent to the nail plate. nail folds are red, swollen, and tender. arises from local trauma

Front 33

Onycholysis

Back 33

painless separation of the whitened opaque nail plate from the pinker translucent nail bed. starts distally and progresses proximally. Diabetes, anemia, hyperthyroid, syphillis

Front 34

Terry's nails

Back 34

nail plate turns white with a groud glass appearance, distal band of reddish brown, and obliteration of the lunula. seen in liver disease CHF and diabetes

Front 35

Leukonychia

Back 35

White spots on nail d/t trauma

Front 36

Mees' Lines

Back 36

Curving transverse white bands that cross the nail parallel to the lunula. move distally. Seen in arsenic poisoning, heart failure, Hodgkin's disease, chemo, CO poisoning, and leprosy

Front 37

Beau's lines

Back 37

Transverse depression of the nail plates resulting form temporary disruption of nail growth from systemic illness

Front 38

Pitting

Back 38

Punctuate depressions of the nail plate. Psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, alopecia areata, localized atopic or chemical dermatitis

Front 39

Horizontal defect

Back 39

Occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery. ischemia of the optic nerve

Front 40

Blind right eye

Back 40

lesion of the optic nerve and/or of the eye itself

Front 41

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Back 41

lesion at the optic chasm. involves only fibers crossing over to the opposite side

Front 42

Left Homonymous Hemianopasia

Back 42

lesion of the optic tract that interrupts fibers originating on the same side of both eyes

Front 43

Homonymous Left Superior Quadratic Defect

Back 43

partial lesion of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe involving only a portion of the nerve fibers

Front 44

Left Homonymous Hemianopsia

Back 44

Complete interruption of fibers in the optic radiation

Front 45

Ptosis

Back 45

Drooping of the upper lid. Causes: Myasthenia gravis, damage to oculomotor nerve, damage to sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's syndrome), weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, weight of herniated fat (senile ptosis). May be congenital

Front 46

Entropion

Back 46

more common in elderly. Inward turning of the lid margin. The lower lashes irritate the conjunctiva and lower cornea

Front 47

Ectropion

Back 47

Margin of the lower lid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjunctiva. Eye does not drain and tearing occurs. More common in elderly

Front 48

Lid retraction and Exophthalmos

Back 48

Wide eyed stare. Often due to hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmos: eyeball protrudes forward. If bilateral, suggests Grave's hyperthyroidism

Front 49

Horizontal defect

Back 49

Occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery. ischemia of the optic nerve

Front 50

Blind right eye

Back 50

lesion of the optic nerve and/or of the eye itself

Front 51

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Back 51

lesion at the optic chasm. involves only fibers crossing over to the opposite side

Front 52

Left Homonymous Hemianopasia

Back 52

lesion of the optic tract that interrupts fibers originating on the same side of both eyes

Front 53

Homonymous Left Superior Quadratic Defect

Back 53

partial lesion of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe involving only a portion of the nerve fibers

Front 54

Left Homonymous Hemianopsia

Back 54

Complete interruption of fibers in the optic radiation

Front 55

Ptosis

Back 55

Drooping of the upper lid. Causes: Myasthenia gravis, damage to oculomotor nerve, damage to sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's syndrome), weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, weight of herniated fat (senile ptosis). May be congenital

Front 56

Entropion

Back 56

more common in elderly. Inward turning of the lid margin. The lower lashes irritate the conjunctiva and lower cornea

Front 57

Ectropion

Back 57

Margin of the lower lid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjunctiva. Eye does not drain and tearing occurs. More common in elderly

Front 58

Lid retraction and Exophthalmos

Back 58

Wide eyed stare. Often due to hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmos: eyeball protrudes forward. If bilateral, suggests Grave's hyperthyroidism

Front 59

Horizontal defect

Back 59

Occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery. ischemia of the optic nerve

Front 60

Blind right eye

Back 60

lesion of the optic nerve and/or of the eye itself

Front 61

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Back 61

lesion at the optic chasm. involves only fibers crossing over to the opposite side

Front 62

Left Homonymous Hemianopasia

Back 62

lesion of the optic tract that interrupts fibers originating on the same side of both eyes

Front 63

Homonymous Left Superior Quadratic Defect

Back 63

partial lesion of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe involving only a portion of the nerve fibers

Front 64

Left Homonymous Hemianopsia

Back 64

Complete interruption of fibers in the optic radiation

Front 65

Ptosis

Back 65

Drooping of the upper lid. Causes: Myasthenia gravis, damage to oculomotor nerve, damage to sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's syndrome), weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, weight of herniated fat (senile ptosis). May be congenital

Front 66

Entropion

Back 66

more common in elderly. Inward turning of the lid margin. The lower lashes irritate the conjunctiva and lower cornea

Front 67

Ectropion

Back 67

Margin of the lower lid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjunctiva. Eye does not drain and tearing occurs. More common in elderly

Front 68

Lid retraction and Exophthalmos

Back 68

Wide eyed stare. Often due to hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmos: eyeball protrudes forward. If bilateral, suggests Grave's hyperthyroidism