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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main bones of the shoulder?
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Clavicle
Humerus Scapula |
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Which structure not located in the shoulder proper also plays a key role in motion of the shoulder?
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Ribs
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What is normal scapular orientation?
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Anterior Tilt: 10 degrees
Internal Rotation: 30-45 degrees Upward Rotation: 5 degrees |
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What is the scapular plane?
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Internal Rotation of 30-45 degrees
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What is the orientation of the humerus?
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Posterior in transverse plane about 30 degrees
Projects medially is superior in frontal plane: angle upward is about 135 degrees |
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On the spine, where are the upper and lower borders of the scapula?
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T2-T6
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What are the 4 main articulations of the shoulder complex?
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Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular Acromialclavicular Scapulothoracic |
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What classification is the glenohumural joint?
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Synovial Ball and socket joint
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How big is the glenoid fossa compared to the head of the humerus?
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Half
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Which ligament helps provide superior support to the GH capsule?
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Coracohumeral ligament
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What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
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Suprspinatus
Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres Minor |
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The superior glenohumeral ligament become tight during which motions?
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Full adduction, inferior and posterior translation of the humerus
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The middle glenohumeral ligament becomes tight during which motions?
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Anterior translation of the humerus and external rotation
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The inferior glenohumeral ligament becomes tight during which motions?
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Adduction
Anterior band: abduction and ER Posterior band: abduction and IR |
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How much isolated flexion does the GH joint have?
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120 degrees
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How much isolated abduction does the GH joint have?
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120 degrees
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In the GH joint, roll and glide occur in the ________ direction.
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opposite
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What are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint?
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Flexion/Extension: spin, not roll and glide
Medial/Lateral rotation in neutral- roll posterior, glide anterior (lateral) Medial/Lateral rotation in 90 deg abduction: spin |
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What is the main feature of the scapular plane?
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It repositions the tubercle in order to allow for greater ROM
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What is the capsular pattern of the shoulder joint?
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Lateral rotation>abduction>medial rotations
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What is the closed pack position of the shoulder?
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Full abduction
Lateral rotation |
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What is the open pack position of the shoulder?
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45 degrees abduction
30 degrees flexion |
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What type of joint in the SC joint?
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Synovial
Saddle shaped |
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What is the joint axis of the SC joint?
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Just lateral to the clavicular head
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How many planes of motion does the SC joint have?
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3
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Which ligaments articulate the SC joint?
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SC
Costoclavicular Interclavicular |
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What are the osteokinematics of the SC joint?
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Elevation: 50-60 degrees
Depression: 10 degrees Protraction: 30 degrees Retraction: 30 degrees Upward rotation: 55 degrees Downward rotation: 10 degrees |
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What are the arthrokinematics of the SC joint?
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Protraction retraction, elevation, and depression are roll and glide
Upward and downward rotation are spin |
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What are the motions of the AC joint?
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Glides: ant/post, sup/inf
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What are motions of the scapulo-thoracic joint?
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Elevation/Depression: 10 cm
Abduction/Adduction: 5-10 cm Anterior/Posterior Tilt: 10 deg Upward/Downward Rotation: 30 deg Internal/External Rotation: 30 deg |
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What is an example of how the AC and SC joints interact?
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Elevation:
SC joint: Elevation of clavicle AC joint: Downward rotation of scapula-helps keep scapula vertical. Also fine tuning to keep scapula flush with thorax |
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What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
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2:1 ratio of GH joint:Scapulo-thoracic
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Which motion at the shoulder lend to impingement?
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Humeral IR
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What motions does the trapezius produce?
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Scapular elevation/upward rotation
Retraction/adduction Depression/downward rotation Together: adduction, upward rotation |
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What is the function of the serratus anterior?
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Scapular protraction
Upward rotation/elevation Keeps the vertebral border against the ribs |
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What muscles are involved in the force couple that upwardly rotates the scapula?
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Serratus Anterior
Trapezius |
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How do the pec minor and post adductor/downard rotator work together?
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Reaching down and back, like reaching for your wallet
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Which muscle's tendon is intra-capsular?
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Long head of biceps brachii
(Glenoid Tubercle) |
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Which head of the biceps is more involved in shoulder flexion?
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Short Head
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What motions does the supraspinatus perform?
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Shoulder Abduction
Medial Rotation |
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What motions does the infraspinatus perform?
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ER
Abduction Horizontal abduction |
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Which muscles is the primary rotator cuff internal rotator?
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Subscapularis
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What is the rotator interval?
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Tendons of the RTC muscles form a “cuff” about the humeral head. There is a space between the supraspinatus and subscapularis where other structures can cross the joint-rotator interval.
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Why is the JRF the greatest at 90 degrees of shoulder abduction?
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The line of pull, or the moment are of gravity is the greatest.
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What are the main bones of the elbow?
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Humerus
Ulna Radius |
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What are the 3 main articulations of the elbow?
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Ulnohumeral
Radiohumeral Radioulnar |
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What is the classification of the elbow?
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Synovial compound modified hinge joint
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What are the osteokinematics of the elbow?
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Extension/Flexion: 0-150 degrees
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What is the alignment of the humerus?
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Slight anterior bend of both distal humerus and proximal ulna
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The alignment of the elbow favors which motion?
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Flexion
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What is the normal carrying angle?
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5-10 degrees
Women>Men |
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The medial collateral ligament of the elbow resists which type of force?
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Valgus
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The lateral collateral ligament of the elbow resists which type motion?
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Varus
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The medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the elbow become taught in which motions?
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Flexion and Extension
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What are the end feels of the elbow?
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Flexion: soft
Extension: hard to firm |
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What is the capsular pattern of ulnohumeral joint?
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Flexion limited more than extension
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What is the closed pack position of the ulnohumeral joint?
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Extension with supination
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What is the open pack position of the ulnohumeral joint?
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70 degrees flexion with 10 degrees supination
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What is the capsular pattern of the radiohumeral joint?
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Flexion limited more than extension
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What is the closed pack position of the radiohumeral joint?
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Elbow flexed to 90 degrees with slight supination
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What is the open pack position of the radiohumeral joint?
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Full extension/Full supination
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What is the OVERALL capsular pattern of the radiohumeral joint?
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Flexion>Extension>Supination>Pronation
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What is the joint classification of the radioulnar joints?
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Synovial pivot joints
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What motions does the radioulnar joint produce?
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Pronation
Supination |
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The distal end of the radius is which shape?
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Concave
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What is the capsular pattern of the superior radioulnar joint?
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Equal limit of pronation and supination
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What is the closed pack position of the superior radioulnar joint?
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5 degrees supination
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What is the open pack position of the superior radioulnar joint?
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35 degrees supination
70 degrees flexion |
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What is the capsular pattern of the distal radioulnar joint?
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Pain at extreme of rotation
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What is the closed pack position of the distal radioulnar joint?
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5 degrees supination
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What is the open pack position of the distal radioulnar joint>
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10 degrees supination
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What muscle is the "work horse" of elbow flexion?
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Brachialis
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What motions does the biceps brachii produce?
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Elbow flexion
Supination |
