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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homeostasis
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Steady state of balance
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Input
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Accepted input from the environment
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Output
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What happens output to the environment
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Throughput
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processing the input
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Entropy
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No energy from the outside - dying
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Negative entropy
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Successful use of available energy
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Equifinality
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Capacity to get identical results from different conditions
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Feedback
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When output from systems is put back into system
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Transactional
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The responsibility for change rests with the interaction between clients and the environment
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Systems Theory
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Dynamic interaction between parts of the whole
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Ecological / Life Systems Model
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Focuses on the interrelatedness between people and the environment
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What is important in the Ecological / Life Systems Model?
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Degree of Fit between person and the environment
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Adaptedness
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Goodness of fit between client and the environment
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Niche
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where someone fits in the environment or social system they are in
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Habitat
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Physical and social setting
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Positive Stress
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Environmental demand that is perceived as a challenge and therefore viewed positively
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Negative Stress
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discrepancy between the demand and the capacity for meeting it
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Functional Approach
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Growth with the center of change resting with the client; helping rather than treating
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Planned Short-Term or Task-Centered Treatment
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Assess
Set goals Define Tasks |
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What is the primary aim for the planned short-term or task-centered treatment?
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To quickly engage clients in the problem-solving process and to maximize their responsibility for treatment outcomes
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Problem Solving Approach
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All human life is a problem solving process; translates ego psychology into principles of helping action
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What are the four P's of the Problem Solving Approach?
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Person, Problem, Place (agency), Process (therapeutic approach)
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Psychosocial Approach
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Diagnosis is based on psychosocial Hx
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According to Freud, what is the basis for psychopathology?
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Unresolved conflict
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Determinism
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Ideas and thoughts are not random they are related to prior experiences and events (Freud)
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Structural Model
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(Freud) uncsonscious, preconscious, conscious
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Dynamic Principle
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(Freud) The attempts to understand the interaction between the Id, Ego and SuperEgo
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According to Freud, what causes anxiety
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Unresolved conflict
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Failure to resolve a conflict at any stage in development
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Fixation
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What does Determinism mean under Freud?
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Behavior is not random. It is determined by events and experiences preceding.
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In Freudian theory what causes anxiety?
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Unresolved conflict
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Genetic Principle
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Freudian principle that the early years if childhood are very important in personality development
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Under Freud what are therapeutic stages?
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Clarification, confrontation, interpretation and working through intrapsychic conflict
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What theory was developed by Anna Freud and Erik Erickson?
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Ego Psychology
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Does ego psychology focus on the past, present or future?
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Here and now - the present
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What is reality testing?
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The accurate perception of a situation
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In Ego Psychology, what are coping abilities also called?
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Ego strengths
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Who developed Individual Psychology?
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Alfred Adler
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Who believes that all individuals are "striving for perfection"?
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Alfred Adler
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According to Adler, when children experience negative feedback or perceived weakness, what might develop?
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A sense of inferiority
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Which theory and person believed that healthy individuals have broad social concerns?
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Adler or individual psychology
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What is the goal of Adlerian therapy?
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To develop a more adaptive lifestyle and overcome feelings of inferiority so one can contribute to the social good.
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Who developed self-psychology?
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Kohit
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What is the goal of self-psychology?
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To develop a greater sense of self cohesion.
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What technique might Kohut or self-psychology use?
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Regression
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What is empathetic failure?
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Concept in self-psychology or by Kohut which means that the child did not receive the support needed at a critical time and this could result in a disorder.
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Name three self-object needs according to Kohut?
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Mirroring, idealization, twinship
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Name some humanistic or existential models of therapuetic practice?
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Rogerian or client-centered
Gestalt Transactional Analysis |
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If a therapist is practicing unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, and genuineness, what therapeutic model might they be practicing?
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Rogerian or client-centered therapy
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Gestalt therapy seeks to do what?
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A heightened awareness through the split-off parts of oneself.
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The integration of mind, body, thoughts and action are central to which therapeutic model?
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Gestalt Therapy
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Which therapeutic approach is process-oriented and focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact and self-regulation
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Gestalt (Perlman)
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Empty Chair technique might be used in what kind of therapy model?
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Gestalt
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What is transactional analysis?
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Each person has three ego states - parent, adult and child
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What type of therapist might have written the book, "I'm OK - You're OK"
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Eric Berne - Transactional Analysis
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Which type of therapy might use psychodrama?
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Transactional analysis
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What is the post-modern model of therapy?
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Base don the premise that the truth is not absolute. A push back against the modern principle that all would be learned and explained by science.
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Narrative Therapy believes in....
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Externalizing the Problem
Problem Saturated Stories Mapping the Problems Domains Unique Outcomes Spreading the News |
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Name some Behavioral Therapies
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Behavior Modification
CBT |
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In Behavioral Therapies the focus is on what?
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Observable Behaviors; targeting an observable symptom, problem behavior or issue in the environment
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What are the two types of behavior in behavioral therapy?
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Operant and Respondent
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What is Operant Behavior
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Behavior that is made by choice
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What is Respondent Behavior?
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Automatically elicited behavior like anxiety or sexual response
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What type of therapy model believes that behavior is conditioned?
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Behavioral Therapy
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What type of therapy model might work best with smoking, phobias, being overweight, or even with autistic children?
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Behavioral Therapy
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Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?
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Pavlov
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What is it called when a stimulus is repeatedly paired with an involuntary response?
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Classical Conditioning
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Who developed Operant Conditioning?
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Skinner
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Operant Conditioning
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Antecedent events or stimuli are followed by behavior which is followed by consequences. Consequences that encourage the behavior are called reinforcements and consequences that discourage the behavior are called punishments
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What is modeling or observational learning?
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Learning by watching others
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Positive Reinforcement
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Positive consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior
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Negative Reinforcement
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The removal of a consequence to increase the likelihood of a behavior (aversion; shock treatment)
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Positive Punishment
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Unwanted stimulus to decrease the behavior (bad tasting stuff on fingernails to quit biting nails)
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Negative punishment
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The removal of a desired stimulus to decrease behavior (take away favorite toy)
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Chain
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How events/actions/behavior are linked from one antecedent to another
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Fading
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A term used to describe moving from one stimulus controlling behavior to another
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Extinction
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Withholding a reinforcement will eventually cause the action to cease
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Prescriptions
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Worker tells client exactly how to behave
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Systematic Desensitization
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A behavioral intervention that pairs a relaxation response with an anxiety producing thought or behavior
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In vivo desensitization
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Systematic desensitization but at the event or site of anxiety
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Aversion Therapy
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Antabuse with alcohol treatment
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Shaping
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Train a new behavior by providing promoting and reinforcing behaviors as one gets closer to the desired behavior
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Flooding
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Individual's anxiety is extinguished by prolonged imaginal or in vivo exposure to high intensity stimuli
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Contingency Contract
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A contract between two individuals that agrees on a behavior and the positive and negative consequences
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Rational Emotive Therapy
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Change client's irrational beliefs by teaching clients to control self-defeating thinking with non-distressing self statements
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Sensate Focus
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Developed by Masters and Johnson and is a type of sexual therapy that involves in vivo desensitization and communication
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What is Cognitive Restructuring?
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A type of therapy where one learns to change dysfunctional thinking patterns and beliefs
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What are some basic tenants of cognitive therapies?
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Thinking determines behavior
Therapy should focus on the present Client must recognize connection between thoughts and actions |
