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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 categories of schizophrenia in DSM 5?
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1. Schizotypal disorder
2. Delusional disorder 3. Brief Psychotic Disorder 4. Schizophreniform Disorder 5. Schizoaffective Disorder |
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What are psychotic features?
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Breaking from reality
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What is schizotypal disorder?
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lower on the "spectrum"
personality disorder same symptoms, but not as interfering |
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What is delusional disorder?
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presence of delusions, but absence of anhedonia and other negative symptoms
delusions are not usually bizarre become socially isolated better prognosis than schizophrenia, but worse than other schizo disorders DSM IV has 5 types: erotomanic, jealous, grandiose, persecutory, somatic |
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What is a brief psychotic disorder?
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delusions and emotional swings for a few days then return to normal
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What is schizophreniform disorder?
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same symptoms but only last a few months then return to normal
able to function fairly well, although lots of confusion at the height of an episode, no flat effect |
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What is schizoaffective disorder?
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an addition to a mood disorder
delusion/hallucination for about 2 weeks |
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What is schizophrenia?
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broad spectrum of cognitive, emotional and behavioural dysfunctions with symptoms that can be classified into 3 groups: positive, negative, disorganized
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What are positive symptoms?
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Presence of abnormal behaviour or excess or distortion of normal behaviour (delusions & hallucinations)
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What are delusions? What 2 types are there?
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gross misrepresentations of reality
can be bizarre or non bizarre strange thoughts or beliefs |
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What are the 6 types of delusions?
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1. Guilt or sin (b)
2. somatic (b or n) 3. persecutory (b or n) 4. of reference (b) 5. grandiose (b or n) 6. of being controlled (b) |
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What are hallucinations?
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experience of a sensory event without sensory input
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True or false: the most common hallucinations are seeing and feeling.
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False, seeing and hearing are the most common hallucinations
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What type of brain functioning do we see when someone is experiencing a hallucination?
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Broca's area is hyperactive, but Wernicke's area is underactive (indicating less comprehension of formation of thoughts) They could not realize that these are there thoughts
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What are negative symptoms?
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Absence of normal behaviour or insufficiency of normal behaviour
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What is avolition?
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Lack of motivation for anything, even self care
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What is alogia?
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Relative absence of speech
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What is anhedonia?
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No pleasure in anything
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What is affective flattening?
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Monotone speech, little expressed emotion for the topic being talked about
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What is asociality?
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Deficits in areas of social relationships
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What are disorganized symptoms?
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Erratic behaviours that effect speech, motor and emotion
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What is inappropriate affect?
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Inappropriate emotions, childlike silliness
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What is disorganized behaviour?
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Strange dress and mannerisms
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What is catatonia?
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motor dysfunctions - wild agitation to rigid immobility
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What is waxy flexibility?
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a type of catatonia where the person with schizophrenia keeps there arms in the place someone else moved them
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What type of disorganized speech to people with schizophrenia exhibit?
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lots of tangentiality, rhyming words, make up words
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How many of the symptoms does one need to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
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2 of: delusions, hallucinations and disorganized speech (can also have disorganized or catatonic behaviour and negative symptoms)
*what is important is the presence of positive symptoms also need impaired functioning and to rule out that not caused by e.g. substance abuse |
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True or false: There are no more subtypes of schizophrenia in DSM 5.
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True
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True or false: The more genes you share the more you increase your chances of getting schizophrenia.
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True (monozygotic twins most risk)
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Describe the Genain quadruplets:
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quadruplets who all developed schizophrenia BUT at different times in their life and with different symptoms
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What is a major brain abnormality seen in patients with schizophrenia?
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Enlarged ventricles
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Describe the dopamine hypothesis:
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Hyperactive dopamine (has conflicting evidence)
Dopamine antagonists help with symptoms, but have Parkinsons' side effects Parkinsons' often experience schizo. symptoms Amphetamines (which increase dopamine) also increase schizo symptoms |
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What is evidence against the dopamine hypothesis?
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dopamine antagonists don't always work
works slower than expects only partly affect negative symptoms Clozapine is weakest inhibitor of dopamine, but works the best |
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What is a revisiion of the dopamine theory?
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Could more specific to a dopoamine D2 receptors
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What other neurotransmitter could be involved?
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glutamate
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What are some psychosocial influences?
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Stress can activate vulnerability
Family interactions (intrusive, high expressed emotion increase relapse rates) low SES (but did disease cause this or did this cause disease?) personality doesn't cause disease but can amplify it |
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True or false: Cannabis use has not been linked with increased risk of developing schizophrenia
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False. High teenage cannabis used can double or triple the risk.
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True or false: Cigarette use is much more common in patients with schizophrenia.
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True. The theory is that since negative symptoms are associated with too low dopamine and smoking increases dopamine levels, people smoke to get rid of negative symptoms. However, high levels of dopamine increase positive symptoms
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What types of medication is there for people with schizophrenia?
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Antipsychotic treatments (neuroleptic)
but these have bad side effects (dry mouth, weight gain, Parkinsonian symptoms) |
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True or false: Compliance issues are when medication fails to work with a patient.
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False. Compliance issues are when a patient refuses to take medication. This is a big issue in schizophrenia because many do not believe they are ill or delusions interfere
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What does TMS do for schizophrenia?
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magnetic pulses through brain to treat hallucinations
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What is early intervention?
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Identify children at risk for developing schizophrenia
or treat people who have had only 1 or 2 experiences of psychosis. |
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Why is social skills training important for people with schizophrenia?
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Asociality is a negative symptoms
Lots of stigma teach how to form relationships and be assertive |
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Why is community care important?
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To reduce institutionalization or homelessness when they are released
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How does CBT help with schizophrenia?
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Challenge delusions and encourage behaviours that stop psychosis
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True or false: People with schizophrenia have an expected shorter lifespan.
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True, also high risks of suicide involved here
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What is another theory of abnormal brain functioning and schizophrenia?
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Hypofrontality: little activity in frontal lobes where conscious thought and planning takes place; associated with negative symptoms (e.g. anhedonia, asociality), poor planning & eye tracking deficits
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What are extrapyramidal effects?
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Side effects of neuroleptic
Akinesia (Parkinsonian symptoms) Tardive dyskenisia (dry mouth, swelling, etc) |
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True or false: When a mother is expecting and gets influenza in her 2nd trimested, there is an increased risk of her child developing schizophrenia.
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True.
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true or false: The earlier the signs of abnormality, the worse the prognosis.
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False. The earlier signs mean the brain has more time to heal and restore due to plasticity.
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