Psychopathology - Mood Disorders

Front 1

What is the change in DSM 5 regarding the category of "mood disorders"?

Back 1

It is no longer there. Only 1) Depressive disorders 2) Bipolar and related disorders

Front 2

What are mood disorders?

Back 2

Significant disturbance of normal mood. Either depression (low) or mania (high)

Front 3

Compare unipolar vs bipolar mood disorder.

Back 3

Unipolar is one mood, bipolar cycles

Front 4

Can you have just a manic disorder?

Back 4

No, it is assumed you have depression with mania.

Front 5

Are manic episodes and depressive episodes polar opposites?

Back 5

No. A manic episodes can include depressive thoughts.

Front 6

What are the diagnostic criteria for a Major Depressive Episode?

Back 6

- 2 week period
- must have: depressive mood nearly every day & anhedonia (diminished interest in activities)
- can also have 5 or more of: appetite changes, sleep patterns, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, guilt, can't make decisions, suicidal thoughts

Front 7

What are the 2 types of MDD?

Back 7

Recurrent and single episode
Recurrent is when you have another episode after 2 months

Front 8

True or false: With each depressive episode you have, your chances of having another increase.

Back 8

True

Front 9

What is dysthmic disorder?

Back 9

- 2 years
- like depression but without 2 mo. intervals
- 2 or more of: appetite, sleeping, low energy, low self esteem, poor concentration, hopelessness

Front 10

True or false: Postpartum depression has its own category in the DSM

Back 10

False, does not have enough distinguishing features

Front 11

True or false: If you are diagnosed with MDD in adolescence you have a greater chance of recovery.

Back 11

False, earlier diagnosis is associated with greater chronicity.

Front 12

What is double depression?

Back 12

Dysthmia and then have a MDE.

Front 13

True or false: Grief induced depression is still an exclusion factor in DSM 5.

Back 13

False, removed as an exclusion factor

Front 14

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder and how is it treated?

Back 14

depression in winter
sleep more, weight gain, eat more
circadian rhythms off
treated with phototherapy

Front 15

True or false: All patients who are anxious are depressed.

Back 15

False, only depressed patients are often anxious, not vise versa

Front 16

What are the "core symptoms" of depressive disorder?

Back 16

1. anhedonia
2. negative cognitive style
3. slow of physical abilities

Front 17

What are the diagnostic criteria for a manic episode?

Back 17

- 1 week
- requires hospitalization
- incl 3 or more: inflated self esteem, less sleep, hyper talking, racing thoughts, distractibility, increase goal directed activity, lots of pleasure activities

Front 18

What is a hypomanic episode?

Back 18

Like mania, but only lasts 4 days and not interfere severely with functioning
does not require hospitalization

Front 19

What is Bipolar I disorder?

Back 19

Severe, manic episode with depressive episode

Front 20

What is Bipolar II disorder?

Back 20

Less severe, MDE and hypomanic episode

Front 21

What is cyclothymic disorder?

Back 21

Hypomania and depressive symptoms (not enough to be depression), lasts for 2 years

Front 22

Illustrate diathesis-stress and reciprocal- gene-environment model with regards to mood disorders

Back 22

e.g. depression
perfectionism = vulnerability, life stress = depression
perfectionism create stressful situations = depression

Front 23

True or false: Monozygotic twin studies show that if one twin has a unipolar disorder, the other twin will have a bipolar disorder.

Back 23

False. Unipolar/bipolar seem to have sep genes. However, one twin is more likely to have a general mood disorder if other twin does

Front 24

True or false: Serotonin levels are low in people with mood disorders.

Back 24

True

Front 25

True or false: Coritsol levels are low in people with mood disorders

Back 25

False, secreting too much cortisol

Front 26

True or false: If a disorder is more severe, genes are more involved.

Back 26

True

Front 27

Explain some evolutionary reasons for depression?

Back 27

disrupted social rank
lack of alliance or coalition (group)
feeling not sexy, past reproductive time
disrupted attachments (parents, spouse)

Front 28

What are the 3 attributional characteristics of MDE?

Back 28

Internal = my fault
Stable = won't change
Global = affects everything

Front 29

What is learned helplessness?

Back 29

study with dogs and shock, even when given opportunity dogs who originally couldn't do anything about shock didn't try later when they had the chance
this relates to MDE b/c people will dev pessimistic outlook that affects actions and motivation

Front 30

Why is self-criticism so harmful?

Back 30

Same physiological affects as someone getting mad at you
worst for successful therapy

Front 31

True or false: Creativity has been shown to be linked with mood disorders.

Back 31

True, esp bipolar - mania has creativity in it?

Front 32

List pros/cons of Tricyclic Antidepressants?

Back 32

Pro: keep serotonin/epinehprine around
Con: major side effects, people stop taking

Front 33

List pros/cons of MAO:

Back 33

Pro: keep serotonin,epinephrine around, more effective than Try
Con: have to give up types of food

Front 34

List pros/cons of SSRI

Back 34

Pro: keep serotonin around, effective
Con: sexual side effects, physical agitation

Front 35

What are the 2 drugs used for bipolar?

Back 35

Lithium: mood stabilizer, major relapse issues
Valproate: not as effective against suicide

Front 36

What is an issue with treating Bipolar Disorders with meds?

Back 36

In manic state, people deny importance of taking meds.

Front 37

What is ECT and when is it used?

Back 37

For people who not respond to meds
electrical shock 6-10 times, every other day

Front 38

True or false: TMS is another type of treatment for MDE

Back 38

True, only less severe MDE though

Front 39

What does CBT do to treat MDE?

Back 39

Targets 2 things
1. Behaviours and feelings of success and enjoyment
2. irrational cognitive beliefs

Front 40

True or false: CBT is better than meds.

Back 40

False, CBT is equivalent and combo studies show similar effect, not better

Front 41

List 5 steps of suicide:

Back 41

non suicidal self injury
suicidal ideation
suicdal planning
suicidal attempts
suicide completion

Front 42

When is suicide risk serious?

Back 42

Most serious when talk of suicide, concrete, lethal plans and telling people will kill themselves

Front 43

What are some risk factors for suicide?

Back 43

Low serotonin
family genetic link
trauma and shame
hopelessness
comorbid disorders

Front 44

How do you assess the risk of suicide?

Back 44

1. Plans - how far they are
2. Means - what plans are
3. Time set
4. Intention

Front 45

What are some ways to treat suicidal patients?

Back 45

coping skills, problem solving skills
plan for suicidal moment
psychotherapy
suicide contract
hospitalization if severe risk

Front 46

True or false: For homeostasis, neurotransmitters need to be kept at certain absolute levels.

Back 46

False, neurostransmitters need to be kept at relative levels as compared to other neurotransmitters.

Front 47

True or false: Women commit suicide more, men attempt suicide more

Back 47

False. Men commit suicide more and women attempt it more

Front 48

When are patients with bipolar disorder most likely to commit suicide?

Back 48

During depressive episode, not manic