Psychopathology Exam 2

Front 1

PTSD

Back 1

Sxs last at least a month/ must cause sig. stress or impairment/ survival guilit common

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PTSD Sxs - Re-experiencing

Back 2

memories, dreams, flashbacks, intense distress when exposed to reminders

Front 3

PTSD Sxs- Psychic numbing and detachment

Back 3

avoid thought and feelings and talking about event/ avoid places and people ass. with event

Front 4

PTSD Sxs- hyper vigilance and chronic arousal

Back 4

insominca, irritability, poor consentraction, always on alert (threat)

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Vumerability

Back 5

severity, duration, proximity to trauma/ social support/ pre-exsiting distress/ biological fators= amygdala hyperactive, hippocampus shrinks, low cortisol

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PTSD Txs

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expose to feared stimuli->exinguish fear/ challenge cog./ stress management/ Cog. and Beh. therapy= systematic or in vivo desensitaion

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Exposure Tx for PTSD

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danger of revictimization= client control/ process trauma= vivid sights, sounds, smells, dont go too far, indiv then group/ reorient to present 1)seek saftey 2)rearrange enviroment 3)reassure self 4)find meaning

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Acute Stress Disorder

Back 8

simliar to PTSD/ occurs within 1 month/ lasts less than 4 weeks/ more dissociative

Front 9

Anxiety Disorders

Back 9

Phobias, gen. anxiety, panic disorder, OCD

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Anxiety vs Fear

Back 10

cog.- immediate harm from threat/ somatic= sympathetic NS/ euo

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Panic Disorders

Back 11

panic attacks= intense short periors with mult. sx of anxiety

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Panic Attack Sxs

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heart pounding/ shaking/ sweating/ nausea/ chills

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Theories of Panic Disorder

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genetic/ poorly reg. neurot levels (nore. and serotin)/ Cog Theories= introceptive awareness, misinterpectation, catastrophizing

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Panic Disorder Txs

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tricyclics/ SSRIs/ Benzos/ Cog Tx= more effective, confront situation, relaxation and breathing

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Phobias

Back 15

persistant fears reaction out of proportion to act. danger/ persisten fear

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Kinds of Phobias

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animals, natural envir., situational, blood/injury, other

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Phobias Persistance and Therapy

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hard to extinguish/ avoidance fear/ systematic desensitation= relax training, modeling

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Agoraphobia

Back 18

not true phobia

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Social Phobia

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fear of social situations/ person realizes fear is unreasonable/ intense anxiety/ cog. theories= high stds (everyone should like you), focus on neg.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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anxiety and worrying at least 6 months/ cant control->worry about everything

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder Sxs

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on edge/ low energy/ muscle tension/ restless

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Cog. Theories to GAD

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focus on threat, belief in worry (worrying prevents bad things), avoid iages of what they fear, automatic neg. thoughts, trauma

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Bio. Theories to GAD

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deficiency in receptors results in excessive firing in limbric system, genetic possibility

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Tx for GAD

Back 24

cog-beh preferred, lasts 2 yrs, relax skills, benzos=short twem relief, Tonfranil is better,

Front 25

OCD

Back 25

obsesstion and impulses/ dirt is most common, compulsions= repeated beh. or mental acts/ rules/ beh. prevents harm (not for real), causes distress, time comsumption

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OCD Theories

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psychodynamic= displayed anxiety uncon. conflict/ cog.-beh.= focus on depression part/ Bio= develop after brain trauma

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Somatoform Disorders

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common feat.= physical sx not fully explained by med. condition/ conversion disorder= loss of functioning in part of body, voluntary sensory or motor functions affected/ polysymptomatic= loss of functioning, panic disorder related

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Somatization and Pain Disorders

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runs in family-> females/ anciety and Depression common with it/ Cog. Theory= may experience body sensation more intensly

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Tx of Somatization and Pain Disorders

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resistant to seek psycholtherapy/ psychodynamic= understand conn. b/t symptoms and eneco./ cog= focus less on sxs, interpret sxs correctly

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Hypochondriasis

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chronic worry about having serious disease/ tx= helping patient learn to interpret sx properly (decatastophize, wont wanna see a therpaist)

Front 31

Body Dymorphic Disorder

Back 31

peroccupation with app. defect- distress, teens, chronis if untreated/ psychosomatic= stress, strains/ factitious disorder= faking sxs (usually to gain somehting)

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Dissociative Disorders

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Dissocation- parts of consciousness, memories, identity split off

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Hidden Observer

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Hilgard/ hypnotized. told they would feel no pain during painful procedure, but would recall it if given cue

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Dissociative Fugue

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suddenly leave home and get new identity

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Dissociative Amnesia

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unable to recall peronsal info/ antrograde= cant remember new into/ retrograde= cant remeber old/ organic amnesia= chemical cause forgetting/ psychogenic= due to psych. factors

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Depresonalization Disorder

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frequent episodes of feeling detatched from brain or body/ 1/2 adults have or had it once/ women > men

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

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2 or more distinct personalites/ abuse/ host unaware of alters/diff. among alters= age, facial expression, memories, gender, blood pressure

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DID Tx

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identify roles and functions of each alter/have each work thru trauma exp./ say goodby to each

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Unipolar Depression

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emo= anhedonia (loss of interest in usual activities)/ physio and beh= sleep disturbance and appetitc dist. (under or over)/cog= suicide thought, hopelessness, low self-esteem

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Dysthmia vs Major Depression

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Dythmia= milder but chronis (2 yrs)/ Major Dep.= severe, short (2 weeks), suicide/ double dep= combo of both

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Dysthmia and Major Depression Sxs

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sleep dist., appetite change, decision making, self-esteem and hoplessness

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Major Depression

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5 or more sxs/ depressed mood almost always, anhedonia more prevalent, suciidal thoughts

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Dysthmia

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2 or more sxs/ depressed mood noticed by others first

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Suicide (AEA)

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anomic=major change (external)/egoistic= alienated (internal)/ altruestic= doing a good deed by doing it

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Sucide

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Death: seekers, intiators, ignorers, darers

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Postpartum Depression

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best prediction is previous depression and lack or work plans

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Beh and Cog (SWF)(ISG) Theories of Depression

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Behaviors= 1)stress results in reduced pos. reinforcement 2) learned helplessness- lack of control/ Cog= meg cog. triad->maintained with distorted thinking, reformulated learned helplessness- personal, permenent, pervasive

Front 48

Tx fo Depression (ATM)

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Beh= functional analysis- track sxs, interactions/ make changes- alter envir., teach assertion, mood management/ Cog= self monitor mood and thoughts

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Interpersonal Therapy for Depression

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face losses, let go of past relation -> invest in new, gain new skills

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Bipolar Disorder

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monia and major depression/ bio base -> heritage/ manic episode (elevated, exponsive, mood for 1 week)/ racing thoughts, distracted

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Cyclothymia Disorder

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lower level of bipolar disorder/ hypomania and lower level of depression

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Bipolar Tx

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Biology base= tx is bio, lithium, anticonvulusants/ tx often non compliant b/c miss mania state

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Schizophrenia

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pos. sxs= presence of abnormal beh./ neg sxs= lack of normal beh. (harder to detect)

Front 54

Delusions

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false beliefs (bizzare) person is preoccupied with these/ persecutory- ppl out to get you, grandrose- super human, famous

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Hallucinations

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sensory exp. with no basis/ auditory, visual, tactile (on body)

Front 56

Pos, sxs of Schizo

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disorganized thought and speech= loose assoc., incoherance/ disorganized beh= bizzare

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Neg sxs of Schizo

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affective flattening- lil emotion repsonse/ alogia- lil talking/ avalition= beh. deficts/ less responsive to meds.

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types of Schizo

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Paranoia= most dangerous, most organized/ Disorganized- incoherent in everything/ Catatomic= excitement/ Undifferent= cant classify/ Residual= had previous, same sxs remain

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Prognosis of Schizo

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can he chronic/ 10% suicide/ life exp, shortened by 10 yrs/ most stabilzed within 5-10 yrs of first episode/ better for women

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Theories of Schizo

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Bio (strong evidence)= polygenic, bio base, brain structurally different/ frontal cortex= largest, raltes to neg. sxs

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Neutal Misconnection Syndrome

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lack of sync. b/t thoughts and actions- gargbles signals (pos sxs), paralyzed info flow (neg sxs)

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Neurot. and Schizo

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high levels of dopamine= anti-psychotics reduce dopamine levels

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Social Factors of Schizo

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schizo mothers= rejecting, disproved/ communication= mixed messages/ family with high expressed emotion= bad, hostile/ social drift

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Beh. Cog and Social Interactions (schizo)

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reinforce of social interaction, persistance and app. beh./ offer support groups/ family therapy= education, reduce self blame

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Antipsychotics

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reduce pos. sxs more/ phenothraztines (old)= thorazine, haldol (2 week shot)/ atypical antipsychotics= clozapine, more eff. across sxs, stablize dopamine, fewer side effects