Psychopathology- Chapter 6

Front 1

The study of physical disorders caused or exacerbated by stress or emotional factors.

Back 1

Psychophysiology

Front 2

Disorders in which physical symptoms are caused by psychological factors.

Back 2

Somatoform disorders

Front 3

An individual's perception of a potentially stressful event which weighs the event's potential threat against resources available for managing the event.

Back 3

Cognitive appraisal

Front 4

Stressful events, ranging form minor annoyances to traumatic experiences.

Back 4

Stressors

Front 5

Life changes, both positive and negative, that require adaptation.

Back 5

Life events

Front 6

A scale used to rate stress by quantifying the amount of adaptation required by a variety of life events.

Back 6

Social Readjustment Rating Scale

Front 7

Ongoing stress related to difficult everyday life circumstances such as poverty or long-term family strife.

Back 7

Chronic stress

Front 8

Minor stresses of everyday life.

Back 8

Daily hassles

Front 9

Research based on data that is collected as the events being studied are occurring, rather than recalling them retrospectively.

Back 9

Prospective

Front 10

Extreme and unusual negative events that invariably cause significant stress.

Back 10

Catastrohpes

Front 11

An emotionally overwhelming experience in which there is a possibility of death or serious injury to oneself or a loved one.

Back 11

Trauma

Front 12

Persistent, debilitating anxiety symptoms occurring in the wake of a traumatic experience.

Back 12

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Front 13

Medical illnesses caused or exacerbated by stress.

Back 13

Psychophysiological disorders

Front 14

An extreme form of sympathetic nervous system arousal which prepares humans to flee or attach when faced with danger.

Back 14

Fight-or-flight response

Front 15

According to some theories, a three-stage response-- alarm, resistance, and exhaustion-- that occurs when animals (including humans) are faced with chronically stressful circumstances.

Back 15

General Adaptation Syndrome

Front 16

A field that investigates the interaction between emotional phenomena and immune system functioning.

Back 16

Psychoneuroimmunology

Front 17

Studies in which research participants are deliberately exposed to an infectious agent in order to assess their immune system response.

Back 17

Viral challenge studies

Front 18

Foreign substances, such as viruses or bacteria that typically trigger an immune system response.

Back 18

Antigens

Front 19

Sub-normal functioning of the immune system.

Back 19

Immunosuppression

Front 20

Chronically elevated blood pressure.

Back 20

Hypertension

Front 21

Hypertension for which no physiological cause can be found.

Back 21

Essential hypertension

Front 22

A medical condition in which the airways to and from the lungs become periodically constricted.

Back 22

Asthma

Front 23

Painful headaches that result from the constriction of blood vessels in the cranium and are often heralded by extreme sensitivity to light and sound, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting.

Back 23

Migraine headaches

Front 24

A disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in some part of the body.

Back 24

Cancer

Front 25

In cognitive terms, the tendency to make internal, global, and stable explanations of negative events; associated with depression.

Back 25

Pessimism

Front 26

In cognitive terms, the tendency to make external, specific, and unstable explanations of negative events; associated with good health.

Back 26

Optimism

Front 27

A coping style characterized by general suppression of negative emotions.

Back 27

Repressive coping

Front 28

Training people how to calm themselves by regulating their breathing and attending to bodily sensations.

Back 28

Relaxation training

Front 29

Training people to attend to and partially control autonomic physiological functions with the help of visual feedback.

Back 29

Biofeedback training

Front 30

An intervention designed to enhance or maintain adaptive coping strategies and decrease maladaptive coping strategies.

Back 30

Cognitive-behavioral stress management

Front 31

Physical disorders that are intentionally produced, or faked, because the person wants to be perceived as sick.

Back 31

Factitious disorders

Front 32

A term used for centuries to describe a syndrome of neurological-seeming symptoms without a neurological cause, now classified as conversion disorder.

Back 32

Hysteria

Front 33

The act of purposely feigning illness in order to get out of an obligation.

Back 33

Malingering

Front 34

Specific symptoms or deficits in voluntary motor or sensory functions with no physiological cause.

Back 34

Conversion disorder

Front 35

Recurrent pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseuodneurological symptoms without a physiological cause.

Back 35

Somatization disorder

Front 36

Physical pain without a physiological explanation.

Back 36

Pain disorder

Front 37

Preoccupation with the fear of contracting, or the mistaken idea that one has, a serious disease.

Back 37

Hypochondriasis

Front 38

Preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appearance.

Back 38

Body dysmorphic disorder

Front 39

The relief of anxiety that occurs when an emotional conflict is converted into a physical symptom.

Back 39

Primary gain

Front 40

The desired attention and concern from others that results from the "sick" role.

Back 40

Secondary gain

Front 41

A defense mechanism consisting of the forgetting of painful mental content.

Back 41

Repression

Front 42

A defense mechanism that involves a return to childlike behavior in order to avoid anxieties associated with progressive development.

Back 42

Regression

Front 43

A defense mechanism in which feelings about someone or something are unconsciously shifted onto someone or something else

Back 43

Displacement

Front 44

Learning based on observing and imitating the behavior of others; see also; social/observational learning.

Back 44

Modeling

Front 45

In operant conditioning theory, any reaction to a behavior that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

Back 45

Reinforcement

Front 46

The anxious magnification of minor physical sensations, such as in people with hypochondriasis.

Back 46

Amplification

Front 47

Cognitive term for the tendency to view minor problems as major catastrophes.

Back 47

Catastrophizing

Front 48

A behavioral intervention in which people are encouraged to confront a frightening through or situation and then prevented from encaging in anxiety-reducing behaviors.

Back 48

Exposure and response prevention

Front 49

Therapy techniques that focus on changing irrational and problematic thoughts.

Back 49

Cognitive restructuring

Front 50

The presence of two or more disorders in one person, or a general association between two or more different disorders.

Back 50

Comorbidity

Front 51

Disorder in which an individual convinces themselves, through a process akin to self-hypnosis, that they have lost some form of physical functioning.

Back 51

Auto-suggestive disorder