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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the DSM 5 changes with regards to PTSD and OCD?
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PTSD is under Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
OCD is under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders |
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What is anxiety?
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Anxiety is chronic, future focused and characterized by physical tension.
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What is fear?
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Fear is an immediate response to a threat. The ANS triggers a response known commonly as "Flight or Fright"
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When is anxiety a disorder?
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Deviance = pervasive and persistent symptoms
Distress = clinically significant distress and impairment Dysfunction = avoidance and escapist behaviors |
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What is the evolutionary perspective on anxiety and fear?
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Had a "threat system" - in humans it is more than just external cues, but also internal and immaterial (e.g. apprehensions)
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Describe Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Excessive anxiety and worry about a range of activities that persists for 6 months or more. Difficulty controlling worries and has 3 or more somatic symptoms (lack of sleep, muscle tension, concentration hard, on edge, etc)
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What are the stats about GAD?
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1% of population
2/3 comorbid more females onset is early adulthood, comes gradually don't usually seek treatment |
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What are some causes of GAD?
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Genetic tendency to be prone to anxiety
early learning as young child attention biases - more focused on threats other cognitive - use worry to escape |
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How is GAD treated?
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Antidepressants (Paxil, Effexor), Benzos are effective but only short term (due to motor/cognitive changes) CBT changes cognitive patterns and mindfulness makes you aware of your own mind
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What is Panic Disorder?
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Short period of time have a surge of fear with psych and bio symptoms. Very uncomfortable for a few minutes. Think losing control. Unexpected, no trigger is common
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What is the official definition of Panic Disorder?
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Recurrent unexpected attacks followed by 1 month or more of excessive worry will happen again and avoidance behaviors
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What is agoraphobia?
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A fear or anxiety triggered by real or anticipated exposure to 2 or more situations. (Now its own disorder in DSM 5)
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What are the stats about Panic Disorder?
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3.5%
50% comorbid 2:1 female to male ratio risk runs in family |
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True or false: Having a panic attack means you have panic disorder.
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False. You MUST have the other symptoms
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What are nocturnal panic attacks?
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Panic attacks in the middle of the night - can wake up into it. Think dying.
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What are the 3 maintaining factors for panic disorder?
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1. Avoidance of external/internal triggers
2. Catastophic thinking if start to experience symptoms 3. More sensitive to anxiety |
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What is the cognitive theory of panic?
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Trigger - perceived threat - apprehension/worry - body sensations - interpretation - etc.
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How is Panic Disorder treated?
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Drugs: Paxil and Prozac, but too much relapse
CBT is effective to look at if "threats" actually harm Exposures (for agoraphobia) Induce panic attacks to become used to it and how to deal with it - learn relaxation by exposure |
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What is PTSD?
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formerly "shell shock" after WW1
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Define PTSD.
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Single event or series of events of trauma. Can happen to self or just be a witness. Don't feel whole anymore, challenges view of self. Involved with a lot of cognitive self blaming
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What is the DSM 5 criteria for PTSD?
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1 month of
1. Trauma 2. Intrusive symptoms 3. Reminders 4. Negative changes in cognition and mood 5. Over reacting in physiological arousal (angry outbursts) |
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What are the DSM 5 specifiers of PTSD? (3)
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1. Depersonalization (looking at self)
2. Derealization (separate from world) 3. DELAYED ONSET |
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Stats on PTSD?
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war torn countries
more women genetic predisposition to how sensitive to anxiety/anxiety baseline how socially connected acts as a buffer |
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How is PTSD treated?
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SSRI/SNRI antidepressants
sleeping pills CBT with gradual/imagined exposure Narratives (rethinking memories) Eye movements desensitization and reprocessing |
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True or False: PTSD always comes immediately after a trauma.
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False. Most often there is a delayed onset and the initial impact of the trauma is unmasked after a later trauma happens or similar situation. (implication: don't push to tell the story)
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