Psychology Vocab From Chapter 11 Of Invitation To Psychology

Front 1

mental disorder

Back 1

Any behavior or emotional state that causes a person great suffering, is self-destructive, seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others, or endangers others or the community.

Front 2

projective tests

Back 2

Psychological tests used to infer a person's motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of the person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli.

Front 3

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Back 3

A projective personality test that requires respondents to interpret abstract, symmetrical inkblots.

Front 4

objective tests(inventories)

Back 4

Standardized objective questionnaires requiring written responses; they typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves.

Front 5

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI)

Back 5

A widely used objective personality test.

Front 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Back 6

A continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension.

Front 7

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 7

An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal.

Front 8

panic disorder

Back 8

An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness.

Front 9

phobia

Back 9

An exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object.

Front 10

agoraphobia

Back 10

A set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person.

Front 11

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Back 11

An anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety.

Front 12

major depression

Back 12

A mood disorder involving disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness), behavior (loss of interest in one's usual activities), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness), and body function (fatigue and loss of appetite).

Front 13

bipolar disorder

Back 13

A mood disorder in which episodes of both depression and mania (excessive euphoria) occur.

Front 14

vulnerability-stress models

Back 14

Approaches that emphasize how individual vulnerabilities (e.g., in genes or personality traits) interact with external stresses or circumstances to produce mental disorders.

Front 15

personality disorders

Back 15

Rigid personality patterns that cause personal distress or an inability to get along with others.

Front 16

paranoid personality disorder

Back 16

A disorder characterized by unreasonable, excessive suspiciousness and mistrust, and irrational feelings of being persecuted by others.

Front 17

narcissistic personality disorder

Back 17

A disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption.

Front 18

antisocial personality disorder (ADP)

Back 18

A disorder characterized by antisocial behavior such as lying, stealing, manipulating others, and sometimes violence; and lack of guilt, shame, and empathy.

Front 19

dissociative identity disorder

Back 19

A controversial disorder marked by the apparent appearance within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits; commonly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD).

Front 20

schizophrenia

Back 20

A psychotic disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, and cognitive

Front 21

psychosis

Back 21

An extreme mental disturbance involving distorted perceptions and irrational behavior; it may have psychological or organic causes.