• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/66

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

66 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Social Psychology
the study of how people influence others’ behavior, beliefs, and attitudes
Need to belong theory
biologically based need for interpersonal connections
Social Facilitation
enhancement of easy tasks in the presence of others.
Social disruption
disruption of difficult tasks due to the presence of others.
Attributions
Assigning Cause to Behavior
Fundamental Attribution Error
tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences (personality, attitudes, intelligence) on other people’s behavior
Social Comparison Theory
we evaluate our beliefs, attitudes, and abilities by comparing ourselves to others
Mass hysteria
outbreak of irrational behavior that is spread by social contagion
Conformity
tendency of people to change their behavior because of group influence
Asch Paradigm
cover story, confederates. Line tests… if everyone else said the one line was right but you thought otherwise, would you go along? 60% of people eventually agreed when 5 others said line 3 was right
Deindividuation
Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison study
Abu-Ghraib Iraqi prison
Crowds (e.g., games, concerts
Groupthink
emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking and sound decision making
Group Polarization
tendency of group discussions to strengthen dominant positions held by individual group members
Milgram Paradigm
Authority figure, teacher (subject), learner and Compliance:
-Decreased with greater psychological distance between the Teacher and Experimenter
-Increased with increasing psychological distance between Teacher and Learner (e.g., teacher gives orders to another subject who delivers shock to learner)
-Negatively correlated with moral development
-Was more likely with authoritarian teachers
-No known sex or cultural differences
Bystander Nonintervention
Kitty Genovese stabbing
Deletha Word beating
Pluralistic Ignorance
does anyone else think this is an emergency?
Diffusion of Responsibility
passing the buck/in groups, individuals feel less responsible for outcome
Social Loafing
For a group, the whole is less than the sum of its parts
Altruism
helping selflessly
Persuasion
Two pathways for persuading others:
-Central route - evaluate merits thoughtfully
-Peripheral route - snap judgments

Effective techniques
-Foot-in-the-door
-Door-in-the-face
-Low-ball
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance by changing their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, or by justifying or rationalizing their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.[
The recognition heuristic
If one of two objects is recognized and the other is not, then infer that the recognized object has the higher value with respect to the criterion.
Central route
persuasion: evaluate merits thoughtfully
Peripheral Route
persuasion: snap judgments
Prejudice
(attitudes)
-Evolutionary origins?
-Adaptive conservatism
-In-group bias
-Out-group homogeneity
Discriminations
(actions)
-reducing job opportunities
-based on prejudices
In-group bias
preferential treatment people give to whom they perceive to be members of their own groups.
Out-group homogenity
individuals see members of their own group as being relatively more varied than members of other groups.
Stereotypes
-Simplification of social world
-Nonprejudiced people try to resist them
-Some may be partially accurate (e.g., women tend to be more talkative)
-Result in ultimate attribution errors
Nomothetic approach
focuses on identifying general laws that govern the behaviors of all individuals
Idiographic Approach
focuses on identifying the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experiences within a person (most case studies)
Psychoanalytic theory
-Freud believed mental illness was psychogenic rather than somatogenic
-Psychic determinism:
-Symbolic meaning
-Unconscious motivation
Psychic determinism
all psychological events have a cause
Symbolic meaning
all actions are meaningful
Unconscious motivation
we rarely understand why we do things.
Id
basic instincts; the reservoir of our most primitive impulses, including sex and aggression
Ego
the boss; the psyche’s executive and principal decision maker
Superego
our sense of morality.
Pleasure Principle
the tendency of the id to strive for immediate gratification
Reality Principle
the tendency off the ego to postpone gratification until it can find an appropriate outlet
Repression
motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses
Denial
motivated forgetting or distressing external experiences
Regression
act of returning psychologically to a younger, and typically simpler and safer age
Reaction-formation
transformation of an anxiety-provoking emotion into its opposite
Projection
unconscious attribution of our negative characteristics to others.
Rationalization
providing a reasonable-sounding explanation for unreasonable behaviors or failures
Intellectualization
: avoiding emotions associated with anxiety-provoking experiences by focusing on abstract and impersonal thoughts
Identification with the aggressor
process of adopting characteristic of people we find threatening (Stockholm syndrome)
Sublimation
transforming a socially unacceptable impulse into an admired goal
Oral Stage
(12-18 months): infants obtain sexual gratification by sucking and drinking
Anal Stage
(18 months- 3 years): focuses on toilet training
Phallix Stage
(3-6 years): focuses on
Latency Stage
(6-12 years): sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious
Genital Stage
(12+): sexual impulses awaken and begin to mature into romantic attraction toward others.
Inferiority complex
feeling of inferiority that can lead to overcompensation
Collective Unconscious
shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us
archetypes
cross culturally universal emotional symbols
Humanistic model of personality
a. Self-actualization: the drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent
Big Five Personality Traits
traits that have surfaced repeatedly in factor analysis of personality measures
Extraversion
social and lively
Neuroticism
tense and moody
Conscientiousness
careful and responsible
Agreeableness
friendly, and easy to get along with
openness
intellectually curious
MMPI
widely used structured test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders
Projective Tests
consist of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret