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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Personality
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a person's broad, long-lasting pattern of behavior
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First Ego State of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory (Instinct Theory)
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ID-instinctual drives operates on unconscious and pleasure principle, instant gratification, present at birth
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Second Ego State of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
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superego- subconscious fluctuates to all three levels (conscience and morals) by age 5
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Third Stage of of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
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ego-develops throughout life, reality principle, balancing force, satisfy needs of ID without going against superego
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Defense Mechanisms
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used to remain psychologically stable when were are under extreme amounts of stress, used unconsciously, so anxiety doesn't experience too much stress
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repression
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do not allow ourselves to remain aware of painful material; we push it out of our consciousness, found in all defense mechanisms
example: abused as a child and you push all the memories out of your mind |
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denial
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the process of refusing to admit that there is a problem
example: drug addiction- people refuse to admit that there is a problem |
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displacement
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venting our feelings on something or someone other than the true or original target
example: if we had a bad day at school we may go home and be mean to our siblings |
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reaction formation
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the process of expressing the opposite of what we feel
example: we act as if we like someone and we can't stand them |
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intellectualization
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the process of removing our feelings about an event and discussing it in a cooly rational way
example: if someone has a spouse that dies, they may be completely unaffected at first |
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identification with aggressors
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taking the characteristics of someone who has mistreated us in order to psychologically avoid the abuse
example: if you were abused as a child you may become abusive as an adult |
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regression
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going backward in behavior and thought
example: throwing a temper tantrum |
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rationalization
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making up an excuse for behavior, so we can avoid taking responsibility for our behavior
example: we get caught sneaking our and say that we never get to do anything |
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projection
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the process of mentally giving thoughts to someone else and our thoughts and feelings
examples: if we receive a bad grade we may say that the teacher never taught the concept |
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sublimation
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the process of channeling emotional energy into constructive or creative activities
example: instead of getting angry at the injustices in society we become involved with charity work to help others |
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Carl Jung
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believed that everyone has two major unconscious forces that influence their behavior
1. personal unconscious 2. collective unconscious |
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archetype
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symbols of the collective unconscious
examples: 1. the shadow-symbolized by the color black, our potential to be evil, side of personality that we don't know yet |
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anima
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archetype- feminine side of all people
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animus
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masculine side of all people
-a healthy personality has a balance of the anima and the animus |
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mandala
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symbolizes our higher self
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Where does the basis of fear lie?
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in the archetypes
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persona
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latin word for "mask" part of our personality that we show to other people
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Humanistic Theory of Personality
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Carl Rogers- all people are basically good, and want to reach self-actualization
2 parts 1. actual self 2. ideal self |
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Actual self
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true feelings and thoughts
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ideal self
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who you think you should be based on society, parents, friends, etc.
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fully functioning person
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has a congruence between their ideal and actual self, we must accept ourselves
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incongruence
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Rogers believes that most people have a separation between their actual and ideal self
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conditions of love
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no unconditional love, separation
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"unconditional positive regard"
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love and approval
example: discipline the behavior not the child "Your not bad, that behavior was, not you" |
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introversion
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comfortable being alone, gets energy from within, comfortable with a lot of strangers
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extroversion
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opposite, like to be around a lot of people, gets energy from other people
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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an infant develops a sense of security,
first year |
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Autonomy vs. Shame
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the child receives a sense of independence, second year
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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the child fins a balance between spontanacity and restraint, 3-5 years
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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the child attains a feeling of self-confidence, 6 years-puberty
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Identity vs Role Confusion
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the adolescent experiences a unified sense of self, to know who you are, adolescence
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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the young adult forms close personal relationships self disclosure
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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the adult promotes a feeling of well being among others, middle adulthood
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Integrity vs. Despair
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the adult enjoys a sense of satisfaction by reflecting on a life well-lived
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collective unconscious
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Jung's term for the portion of a person that contains ideas or archetypes shared by the whole human race
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Karen Horney
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neo-Freudian, claimed that the human feels most helpless, anxious, and lost when they were not getting enough love
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Alfred Adler
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neo-Freudian, social interaction is the key to proper developement, those who are insecure are trying to make themselves look better
example: School bullies |
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behaviorism
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a personality theory that focuses on overt acts and behaviors
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John B. Watson
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behaviorist- environment can make a person become anything
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B.F. Skinner
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behaviorist- believed that everything you do is a result of reinforcements- events that follow responses and strenghten the tendency to repeat those responses
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Albert Bandura
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behaviorist- feels that much of our personality comes from modeling
modeling- learning by imitating others |
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Abraham Maslow
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saw human beings as having deep needs for beauty, goodness, and justice, self actualization
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personality traits
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more or less permanent personality characteristics
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Gordon Allport
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theory states that with the common terms and that people use to describe each other, eg honest, cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits
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cardinal traits
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extremely strong personality traits that affect everything we do
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central traits
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highly characteristic of people and will apply across many situations
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secondary traits
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the weakest and least characteristic group of all
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