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53 Cards in this Set

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Views of Psychological development
Views of Psychological Development
Phylogenic View
EVOLUTION OF MIND & BEHAVIOR
-Comparitive psycholoy (dolphins, pigeons, & dogs do some task & compare)
-Evolutionary psychology-enviornments of early adaptation
Cultural View
Originated to justify European Colonialism
-Framed differences b/w Europeans & Indiginous people in order to justify mass murders
-NOW-Cultural charactieristics may shape how people think, behave (ie literacy, economic development, political development)
-Cultural psychology-diversity of mind
Ontogenic View
FOCUSES ON INDIVIDUAL SPECIES MEMBER & HOW IT CHANGES IN HOW IT THINKS & BEHAVES ACROSS LIFESPAN
-Development psychology: Cognitive, social personality development
Eric Ericson's 8 stages of psychological development
developmental task mastery at each stage
-two possible outcomes: competence vs. sociemotional vulnerability
Trust vs. Mistrust
(0-1) fulfilment of baby's basic needs vs. inconsistancy
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
(1-3) independance vs. humiliation & over-punishment
Initiative vs. Guilt
(3-6) devising/implementing plans vs. irresponsibility
Industry vs. Inferiority
(6-12) Mastery of cognitive & social skills vs. lack of mastery/positive feedback
Identity vs. Role Confusion
(13 into 20's) Role exploration vs. role confusion
Identity achievement
1. made a commitment
2. explored meaningful alternitives
Identity foreclosure
1. made a commitment
2. didn't explore meaningful alternitives
Identity Moritorium
1. didn't make a commitment
2. explored altrnitives
Identity diffusion
1. didn't make a commitment
2. didn't explore alternitives
Intamacy vs. Isolation
(20's-40's) finding onself in others vs. threatened feelings or overdependance
Generactivity vs. Stagnition
(40's-60's) Controbution to the next generation vs. being self-centered or unable
Integrity vs Dispair
(60+) Positive vs. negative retrospection
Abnormal Psychology
A pattern of thoughts/feelings/behaviors that is devient, distressful, & disfunctual
Biological approach
attributes abnormalities to internal, physical causes
-emphasis on brain, genetic factors
Psychological approach
contribution of experiences, thoughts, emotions, personality, etc.
Sociocultural approach
emphasises the social context in which an individual lives - gender, race, class - esp. how psychological disorders are understood, treated
Biopsychosocial Approach
Mix of the other approaches- recoginition of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
DSM-IV
1/2 classification of psychological disorders
3 general medical conditions
4 psychosocial, enviornmental problems
5 current level of functioning in last year
Anxiety Disorders
distressing persistent anxiety with maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Generalized anxiety disorder
symptoms are commonplace, persistance is not - continually tense and apprehensive
Panic disorder
long episodes of intense fear or panic attacks
Phobias
persistent irrational fear and avoidance
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
repetitive thoughts/obsessions and/or actions/compusions
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Hunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for for weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Dissociative Disorders
Connections being broken
Dissociative Amnesia
extreme memory loss for identity, autobiographical experience
Dissociative Fugue
unexpectedly traveling far from home and sometimes assuming a new identity
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Individual has 2 or more distinct personalities
Personality Disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impari social functioning
antisocial personality disorder
(usually a man) exhibiting a lack of conscience for wrongdoing. May be agressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
Schizophrenia
2 or more "characteristic symptoms" plus social & occupational dysfunction, and 6 months of symptoms
Somatoform disorders
physical symptoms without a physical cause
Hypochondriasis
worry that physical sensations are symptoms of a serious illness, even without medical evidence
conversion disorder
rare- person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physoligical basis can be found
Mood Disorders
1. major depressive disorder
2. bipolar disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
significant depressive period that has lasted at least 2 weeks and has 5-9 symptoms: depressed mood, reduced interest/pleasure, weight change, changes in sleeping, agitation, lethargy/fatigue, excessive feelings of worthlessness & guilt, cognitive problems, suicidal ideation
Mania
euphoric, hyperactive, optimistic state
Bipolar disorder
alternating between mania and depression
Biological therapy
treatments that reduce, eliminate symptoms of psychological disorders by aspects of body (drugs)
Psychotherapy
non medical process of helping individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems. Multiple strategies.
Psychodynamic therapy
emphasizes themes across imporant relationships, childhood experiences, unconscious mind
Humanistic Therapies
emphasis on self-healing capabilities through conscious awareness, present-mindedness, self-fulfillment
-authentic relationship, genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard
Behavior Therapies
emphasizes use of behavioral, social cognitive learning theories to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors - action orientated vs. thought
Opperant Conditioning thechinques
maladaptive behavior is learned, can be unlearned
Self-Instructing technique
changes of self-talk
Cognitive Therapies
emphasizes that thoughts are main source of psychological problems
Musterbating
1. must proform well, win approval
2. must receive kind & fair treatment
3. Must avoid frustrating life conditions
-failure to meet these 3 creates negative thoughts
Mindfulness meditation
"paying attention in a particular way on purpose"
Formal practice: focus, body scan,
Informal practice: meaningful pauses, yoga/stretching