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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Views of Psychological development
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Views of Psychological Development
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Phylogenic View
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EVOLUTION OF MIND & BEHAVIOR
-Comparitive psycholoy (dolphins, pigeons, & dogs do some task & compare) -Evolutionary psychology-enviornments of early adaptation |
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Cultural View
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Originated to justify European Colonialism
-Framed differences b/w Europeans & Indiginous people in order to justify mass murders -NOW-Cultural charactieristics may shape how people think, behave (ie literacy, economic development, political development) -Cultural psychology-diversity of mind |
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Ontogenic View
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FOCUSES ON INDIVIDUAL SPECIES MEMBER & HOW IT CHANGES IN HOW IT THINKS & BEHAVES ACROSS LIFESPAN
-Development psychology: Cognitive, social personality development |
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Eric Ericson's 8 stages of psychological development
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developmental task mastery at each stage
-two possible outcomes: competence vs. sociemotional vulnerability |
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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(0-1) fulfilment of baby's basic needs vs. inconsistancy
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Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
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(1-3) independance vs. humiliation & over-punishment
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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(3-6) devising/implementing plans vs. irresponsibility
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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(6-12) Mastery of cognitive & social skills vs. lack of mastery/positive feedback
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Identity vs. Role Confusion
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(13 into 20's) Role exploration vs. role confusion
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Identity achievement
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1. made a commitment
2. explored meaningful alternitives |
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Identity foreclosure
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1. made a commitment
2. didn't explore meaningful alternitives |
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Identity Moritorium
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1. didn't make a commitment
2. explored altrnitives |
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Identity diffusion
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1. didn't make a commitment
2. didn't explore alternitives |
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Intamacy vs. Isolation
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(20's-40's) finding onself in others vs. threatened feelings or overdependance
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Generactivity vs. Stagnition
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(40's-60's) Controbution to the next generation vs. being self-centered or unable
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Integrity vs Dispair
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(60+) Positive vs. negative retrospection
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Abnormal Psychology
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A pattern of thoughts/feelings/behaviors that is devient, distressful, & disfunctual
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Biological approach
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attributes abnormalities to internal, physical causes
-emphasis on brain, genetic factors |
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Psychological approach
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contribution of experiences, thoughts, emotions, personality, etc.
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Sociocultural approach
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emphasises the social context in which an individual lives - gender, race, class - esp. how psychological disorders are understood, treated
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Biopsychosocial Approach
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Mix of the other approaches- recoginition of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
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DSM-IV
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1/2 classification of psychological disorders
3 general medical conditions 4 psychosocial, enviornmental problems 5 current level of functioning in last year |
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Anxiety Disorders
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distressing persistent anxiety with maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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symptoms are commonplace, persistance is not - continually tense and apprehensive
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Panic disorder
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long episodes of intense fear or panic attacks
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Phobias
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persistent irrational fear and avoidance
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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repetitive thoughts/obsessions and/or actions/compusions
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Hunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for for weeks or more after a traumatic experience
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Dissociative Disorders
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Connections being broken
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Dissociative Amnesia
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extreme memory loss for identity, autobiographical experience
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Dissociative Fugue
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unexpectedly traveling far from home and sometimes assuming a new identity
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Individual has 2 or more distinct personalities
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Personality Disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impari social functioning
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antisocial personality disorder
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(usually a man) exhibiting a lack of conscience for wrongdoing. May be agressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
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Schizophrenia
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2 or more "characteristic symptoms" plus social & occupational dysfunction, and 6 months of symptoms
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Somatoform disorders
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physical symptoms without a physical cause
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Hypochondriasis
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worry that physical sensations are symptoms of a serious illness, even without medical evidence
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conversion disorder
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rare- person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physoligical basis can be found
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Mood Disorders
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1. major depressive disorder
2. bipolar disorder |
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Major Depressive Disorder
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significant depressive period that has lasted at least 2 weeks and has 5-9 symptoms: depressed mood, reduced interest/pleasure, weight change, changes in sleeping, agitation, lethargy/fatigue, excessive feelings of worthlessness & guilt, cognitive problems, suicidal ideation
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Mania
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euphoric, hyperactive, optimistic state
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Bipolar disorder
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alternating between mania and depression
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Biological therapy
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treatments that reduce, eliminate symptoms of psychological disorders by aspects of body (drugs)
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Psychotherapy
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non medical process of helping individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems. Multiple strategies.
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Psychodynamic therapy
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emphasizes themes across imporant relationships, childhood experiences, unconscious mind
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Humanistic Therapies
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emphasis on self-healing capabilities through conscious awareness, present-mindedness, self-fulfillment
-authentic relationship, genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard |
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Behavior Therapies
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emphasizes use of behavioral, social cognitive learning theories to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors - action orientated vs. thought
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Opperant Conditioning thechinques
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maladaptive behavior is learned, can be unlearned
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Self-Instructing technique
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changes of self-talk
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Cognitive Therapies
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emphasizes that thoughts are main source of psychological problems
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Musterbating
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1. must proform well, win approval
2. must receive kind & fair treatment 3. Must avoid frustrating life conditions -failure to meet these 3 creates negative thoughts |
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Mindfulness meditation
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"paying attention in a particular way on purpose"
Formal practice: focus, body scan, Informal practice: meaningful pauses, yoga/stretching |