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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Personality
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all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others
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Psychodynamic
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major theory of personality; involves the interplay of conflicting forces w/in the individua, including some that the individual may not consciously recognize; key figures: Freud, Alfred Alder, Carl Jung
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Id
Ego Superego |
-includes all of our biological drives, based on "pleasure principle"
-rational, decision-making aspect of the personality, "reality principle" -contains memory of parental moral, and societal rules *part of psychodynamic theory |
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Trait Approach
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major theory of personality; peope have consistent personality characteristics that can be measured and studied; key figures: Sandra Bem-androgony
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Internal Locus of control
External Locus of control |
-people who believe that they are largely in control of their lives
-people who believe that they are controlled mostly by external forces |
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Learning Approach
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major theory of personality; personality is learned on a situation-by-situation basis, influenced greatly by social factors; key factors: Walter Mischel
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Gender Role
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the pattern of behavior that each person is expected to follow b/c of being male or female; key figure: Sandra Bem
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Humanistic Approach
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major theory of personality; personality depends on what people believe and how they percieve the world; key figures: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Physiological Safety Love Esteem Self-Actualization
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Why measure personality?
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To predict behavior
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Personality dimension
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superfactor - a set of related personality traits
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Big Five
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5 superfactors that represent condensed personality traits; Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness
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Personality Inventory
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personality test; provies a summary of the different traits that constitute a person's personality; Personality Profile
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Projective Tests
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the subject "projects" himself into the situation depicted in the picture and consequently reveals his personality; Rorschach Inkblots
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Thematic Apperception Test Picture
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tell a story about a picture
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Observation
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a way to discover personality; an observer simply notes the behavior of a person or a group of people; uncontrolled - naturalistic observation
controled - situational testing |
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Hartshorne & May
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personality is highly dependent on the situation; kids with coins in their desks
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Primacy Effect
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(first impressions) - we tend to be influenced more by earlier information when thinking about people
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Stereotype
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a generalized belief or expectation about a group of people
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Positive Stereotype
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black people can jump
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Neutral Stereotype
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Hispanics eat spicy food
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Negative Stereotype
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Irish people drink a lot
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Prejudice
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an unfavorable stereotype that includes a negative attitude toward a group of people
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Overcoming stereotypes and prejudices
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get to know someone or a group of people
work together toward a common goal |
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Attribution
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the set of though processes we use to assign causes to our own behavior and to the behavior of others
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Internal Attributions
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we attribute behavior to an internal source
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External Attributions
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we attribute beharior to an external source
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Fundamental attribution error
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the tendency to make internal attributions for other people's behavior
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Self-Serving Bias
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you attribute your failures to external causes and successes to internal causes
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Groupthink
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in a group, the tendency to think alike and suppress dissent
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Group Polarization
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the tendency of group members' opinions to become more extreme (in the same direction as their initial opinions) after group discussion
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Conformity
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changing one's behavior to match the behavior of others as a result of real or imagined group pressure
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Deindividuation
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the loss of sense of self that occurs when people in a group are literally anonymous; can lend to inappropriate behavior (violence)
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Diffusion of Responsibility
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the tendency to feel less responsible to act when other people are nearby
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Social Loafing
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the tendency to work less hard when sharing work with other people
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Cognitive Dissonance
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a motivating force to change either an attitude or behavior esp. if self-esteem is threatened
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To minimize Codnitive Dissonance
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change some of his attitudes to bring them in line with his actions
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Schizophrenia
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split mind
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Strongest predictor of alcoholism
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parental alcoholism
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Abnormal Behavior
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the condition is somehow undesirable or maladaptive
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DMS
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manual of mental disorders
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Group Polarization
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the tendency of group members' opinions to become more extreme (in the same direction as their initial opinions) after group discussion
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Conformity
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changing one's behavior to match the behavior of others as a result of real or imagined group pressure
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Deindividuation
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the loss of sense of self that occurs when people in a group are literally anonymous; can lend to inappropriate behavior (violence)
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Diffusion of Responsibility
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the tendency to feel less responsible to act when other people are nearby
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Social Loafing
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the tendency to work less hard when sharing work with other people
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Cognitive Dissonance
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a motivating force to change either an attitude or behavior esp. if self-esteem is threatened
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To minimize Codnitive Dissonance
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change some of his attitudes to bring them in line with his actions
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Schizophrenia
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split mind
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Strongest predictor of alcoholism
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parental alcoholism
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Abnormal Behavior
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the condition is somehow undesirable or maladaptive
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DMS
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manual of mental disorders
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