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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Growth Spurts and the Order they occur
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-weight spurt
-height spurt -muscle spurt |
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What is puberty? When does it happen? What are the primary and secondary characteristics?
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--Sexual maturation
-- Generally between 8-14 --Primary (development of sex organs) --Secondary (wider hips, deeper voice, facial hair, bigger breasts) |
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The Secular Trend
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developed countries --> puberty is earlier
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What glands and hormones are involved in puberty?
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--pituitary gland
--adrenal gland --gonads --estrogens -->menarche --androgens -->spermarche --LH (luteinizing hormone) --FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) released by the pituitary |
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HPA Axis
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Hypothalamus -- Pituitary -- Adrenal
(monitor external states) |
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What influences the timing of puberty?
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-Genetic Influences (twins timing close together; family history)
-Nutrition and body fat (don't have enough body fat -->can't sustain yourself) -Stress --> more stress; the sooner you hit puberty |
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What are the consequences for early or late development in boys and girls?
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--more problematic for girls developing early and boys developing late
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What main things are happening during adolescence regarding brain development?
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-Frontal lobe is last to develop
-Myelination (inner-->outer; back-->front) -Amygdala develops before frontal cortex -White matter increases -Pruning occurs --cutting out neurons we don't need |
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What was the issue with the APA and adolescent decision making?
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-- abortion and the death penalty
they were adults when it came to making the decision about abortion but they were not adults when it came to the death penalty |
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What is the formal operational stage of development and what types of thought are associated with it? What is the big deal?
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HYPOTHETICAL DEDUCTIVE REASONING
-abstract thinking (deductive reasoning) - top down .. why is it a duck? (inductive reasoning) bottom up -->gathering facts to figure it out ... it quacks, looks like a duck; must be a duck |
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imaginary audience
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people are watching and evaluating -->bad hair day
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Personal Fable
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nobody could possibly experience what you are experiencing --> or understand it
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Marcia's 4 pathways to identity
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-Identity Achievement
-Identity moratorium (can't commit yet; exploring) -Identity Foreclosure (taken away; don't explore; either they can't or never do) -Identity Diffusion (not exploring; not committed; doing nothing; don't care; no motivation) |
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Cognitive Styles of Marcia
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-Information gathering cognitive styles (achievement and moratorium)
-Inflexible cognitive style (foreclosure) -Diffuse-avoidant cognitive styles (diffusion) |
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Types of Identity
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-religious
-ethnic -political -gender -vocational |
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Gender Identity and Sexuality
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-Gender intensification
-Gender Identity vs. Sexual Orientation (how you feel) vs (what you prefer .. homo, hetero) |
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THE BLACK BOX
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a lot of people we don't know about or hear from
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Sexual Behavior Stats
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-Teen births have decreased
-Use of protection has increased -Abortion rate is down -Good news - right? |
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What is postformal thought and how is it different than formal operations?
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less abstract and less absolute compared to formal operational thought; also more adaptive to life's inconsistencies -- combining contradictory elements into a whole
subjective thinking --arises from the personal experiences and individual perceptions objective thinking --follows abstract logic |
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What is Perry's Theory and what is dualistic and relativistic thinking?
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EPISTEMIC COGNITION
-dualistic -- (right and wrong; black and white) -relativistic ("it depends"; shades of gray no absolute) |
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What is cognitive affective complexity?
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you feel positive and negative about something at the same time.
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Different periods of vocation selection
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-fantasy period (doctor, policeman, fireman, spiderman, princess)
-Tentative period (11-16) what am I good at? what is required? -Realistic period (crystallization) money, cost of education, all the obstacles; you pick a path and go with it |
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Investigative Person
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problem-solvers, curious; engineering, science, research
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Social Person
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like interaction, care about people; psychology, counseling, social work, teaching
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Realistic Person
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real world problems, straight-forward; manufacturing, construction, plumbing
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Artistic Person
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creative, emotional, expressive
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Conventional Person
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tradition, well-structured, money; finance banking, accounting
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Enterprising Person
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entrepreneur, adventurous, leaders; sales, stockbroker, politicians
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Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation
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readiness for intimacy related to identity
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Childhood Attachment -->Adult Relationships
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-Secure
-Avoidant (demanding, disrespect, critical; distance) -Resistant (unpredictability; unfairness) -->go all in and immediately right back out *in and out of love constantly |
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Factors Related to Marital Satisfaction
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-family background
-age at marriage -length of courtship -timing of 1st pregnancy -relationship w/ extended family -marital patterns in extended family -financial and employment status -family responsibilities -personality characteristics |
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Reasons for Dropping Out Of College
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-responsibility
-no motivation -finances -need emotional support |
