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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Automatic Processing is...
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effortless, unconscious, encoding of amounts of ambient information
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Space
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When you remember where something was on a page or its location, but can't remember the actual word or thing.
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Time
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Sequence of events
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Frequency
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Number of occurrences (How many times you saw your boyfriend today)
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Effortful Processing
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encoding that requires conscious effort and attention
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Rehearsal
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Repetition for retention
(amount remembered depends on time spent learning) |
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Serial Posting Effect
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Recall the first and last thing best
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Memory
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the persistence of learning overtime
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Encoding
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process of entering information into memory system
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Storage
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Retention of encoded information over time
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Retrieval
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Process of retrieving information from the memory system
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Extrinsic Motivation is..
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You go to work to get paid
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Intrinsic Motivation is..
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You practice a sport to make yourself better
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Extinction
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When we stop reinforcing
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Delayed Reinforcer
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Example: I studied three days ago, this is now my good test score
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Moral Reasoning:Preconventional is..
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To observe rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards
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Moral Reasoning:Conventional is..
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Observe rules because they are laws and rules and you don't want to hurt others
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Fluid Intelligence
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One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
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Crystallized Intelligence
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One's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
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Is Jello a dessert or a salad?
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Dessert
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Erikson's Stages:
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Trust V. Mistrust
Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt Initiative V. Guilt Competence V. Inferiority Identity V. Role Confusion Intimacy V. Isolation Integrity V. Despair |
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Socio-Ecological Theory
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Social environment and how they effect us based on the systems we live in.
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Learning
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A permanent change in behavior due to experience
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Measuring Learning: Baseline is..
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Behavior at it's normal level
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Operant Conditioning
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When responses or behaviors become more or less likely depending on consequences
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B.F. Skinner was the father of..
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Behaviorism
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Shaping
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procedure in which reinforcers, such as food, gradually guide animals actions towards desired behavior
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ABC Model is...
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Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
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Reinforcer
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anything that has an effect on behavior
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Primary Reinforcer
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Natural and immediate (food,sex,relief,etc)
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Secondary Reinforcer
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Derived from other reinforcers (praise, money, smiles, etc)
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Positive Reinforcers
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The more its given, the more you'll do behavior (increases behavior)
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Negative Reinforcers
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Also increases behavior (Dinging in car to put on seatbelt, alarm clock to wake you up in the morning)
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Punishment
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Discriminative Stimulus (Decreases Behavior) Ex. When dad is mad.. I dont do this
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Drawbacks to punishment:
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Escape, aggression, apathy, abuse, immitation
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Reinforcement Schedules
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*Fixed Interval(taking test, not studying, studying, testing again)
*Fixed Ratio(produces best behavior results) *Continuous Reinforcers(always reinforce, it begins to mean less) |
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Satiation
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Too much of something is introduced
Ex.You like Green Day and get every song |
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Habituation
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Body becomes used to it
Ex.Caffeine and your body |
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Spontaneous Recovery
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Ex. See a cheeseburger and figure if you do a certain thing you will get the burger
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Extrinsic Motivation
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a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
Ex. Go to work, get paid |
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Intrinsic Motivation
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a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
Ex. Practicing sport to make yourself better |
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Modeling
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the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
Ex. Dishwasher commercial |
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C.B.T stands for..
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Classical Conditioning
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a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.
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Behaviorism
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the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
(ONLY observable behavior) |
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Secure Attachment
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Outgoing and exporation while mom is present, if mom leaves diligently seeks her out and becomes distressed
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Resistant Attachment
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(Insecure) Always stays close to mom. Wary of strangers & exploration. Very distressed when mom leaves, angry when she returns
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Avoidant Attachment
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(Insecure)Little distress when mom leaves, may ignore mom and open to strangers, but may also ignore them too
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Disorganized Attachment
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Most stressed by strange situation. Combination of resistant and avoidant attachment. Approach and withdrawl confusion
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Parenting Styles: Authoritarian
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Very restrictive with no explanation. Very punitive, doesn't see other views
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Parenting Styles: Authoritative
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Controlling but flexible. Punishments make sense. Rational, democratic, expressive
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Parenting Styles: Permissive
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Laxed parenting, low control, high freedom, but still present
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Parenting Styles: Uninvolved
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Laxed, involved in own world and stress. Insensitive to child's needs
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Cognition
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All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
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Organizing
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Combine existing simple schemas in more complex ones
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Adaptation
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Means of adapting to environment
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Assimilation
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Process of interpreting new experiences by incorporating them into existing schemas
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Accomodation
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Process of modifying existing schemas in order to incorporate or adapt to new experiences
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Schemas
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An organized pattern of thought or action that one constructs to interpret aspects of their existence
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Piaget's Stages:
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Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage |
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When does adolescence happen?
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12-19 years old
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Identity
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Sense of self, who one is, the real me
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Adolescent Egocentrism
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heightened self-consciousness of adolescent, which is reflected in their belief that others are as interested in them as they are themselves
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Three Stages of Pregnancy:Germinal Period
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Conception to 2 weeks
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Three Stages of Pregnancy:Embryogenesis Period
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2-8 weeks
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Three Stages of Pregnancy:Fetogenesis Period
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2-9 months
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Corticol Neurons are developed between when?
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10-26 weeks after conception
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Synaptic Pathways
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Develop very quick rate during first four years of life
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3 Major Pregnancy Complications
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Gestational Hypertension
Gestational Diabetes Premature Birth |
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One Major Complication to Pregnancy
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Intentional Fetal Abuse
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Post Partum Depression's onset is..
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soon after having child up to one year
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What percent of women experience post partum depression?
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50-70%
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Infantile Amnesia
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Can't remember much before the 4th year of life
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Latency occurs when?
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6years to adolesence
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Schemas
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organized pattern of thought or action that one constructs to interpret aspects of their existence
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Piaget's 4 stages
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Sensorimotor
Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational |
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Harlow monkeys did what?
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Discovered babies spent more time w/cloth monkey than wire monkey who provided food
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Adolescence is a time of?
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Storm and Strife
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Adolescent boys are..
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Stronger/athletic
Into Violence,sex,drugs Self assured/independent/popular |
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Imaginary Audience
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attention getting "on stage"
"Everyones looking at me" |
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Who invented the Socio-ecological theory?
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Bronfrenbrenner
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Who invented moral reasoning?
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Kohlberg
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Moral Reasoning:
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Empathy
Preconventional Conventional Post Conventional Delayed Gratification |
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Taste Aversion:
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eat something-get sick-don't like that food anymore
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Three S's of punishment:
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Swift
Sailiant Severe |
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Memory
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persistence of learning overtime
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The retrievel process is more like what in Mr.Marsing's opinion?
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The internet (wikipedia)
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Memory can be..
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changed and altered
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Attention is one of the main ____ to memory but ___ the only one
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keys, not
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Sensory Memory
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immediate, very brief form of encoding and short term memory
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Short term memory
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active memory, holds info for a short time before discarded
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Long Term Memory
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relatively permanent, limitless storage of memory
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Unconscious delivery
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ex. see page where answer is but can't remember answer
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The amount remembered depends on..
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time spent learning
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Scent triggered memories
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more accurate
more emotional |
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L T P
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Long Term Potentation
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Priming
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Unconscious memory "that test was hard"
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Storage Decay
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only days after being learned it is forgotten
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Cognitive Dissonance
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when expectations and reality are in uncomfortable discord
Ex. not buying cookies from girl scouts so feeling bad so you buy them so you can still be a "nice guy" like you are in your head |
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Proactive Interference
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the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
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Retroactive Interference
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the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Ex. Learned college password so can't recall high school password very well |
