• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/15

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
concept
a mental grouping of similar objecs, events, ideas or people
prototype
a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin)
algorithm
a mehtodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-but also more error-prone- use of heuristics
heurisitc
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithims
insight
a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions
confirmation bias
a tendency to seach for information that confirms one's preconceptions
fixation
the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving
mental set
a tendency to apporach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
functional fixedness
the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving
representativeness heuristic
judging the liklihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information
availability heuristic
estimating the liklihood of events based on their availability in memory: if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common
overconfidence
the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgements
framing
the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments
belief bias
the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, somtimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions to seem invalid.
belief perserverance
clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited