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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensation
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process of stimulation of a receptor that gives rise to neural impulses leading to an experience of feeling or awareness of conditions outside or inside the body
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Titchener
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studied structuralism under Wundt, opened field of psychophysics
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psychophysics
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study of relationship between physical stimulation and behavior you get at a neural level
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transduction
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electro chemical process
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chemoreceptors
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taste and smell receptors
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photoreceptors
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vision receptors
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thermoreceptors
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heat and cold receptors
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mechanoreceptors
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movement receptors
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absolute threshhold
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minnimum ammount of sensation needed for 50% of population to detect something
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Webber's law
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the more you have, the harder it is to detect a change
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difference
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detect when you notice there's a change
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major ways of difference or limitation
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attention, physical, response bias, subliminal messages
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response bias
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habit, ex: stop sign
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the order of the eye
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cornea, pupil, iris, vitrious humor, retina
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hue
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light is captured
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saturation
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vividness, how much light comes in
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brightness
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intensity of light
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bones in the inner ear
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stirrup, hammer, anvil
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pitch
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level of sound
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pain's defense mechanism
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endorphins
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perception
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sense made out of sensation
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object recognition
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past knowledge, experience, inference
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illusion
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persieve something that isn't there
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delusion
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false belief
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hallucination
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hear, see, smell something not there
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gestaltists
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how we organize perception in our mind
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region segregation
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what you see in figure ground and figure goodness
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figure ground
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what you see in the figure and whats in the background
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closure
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we tend to close things in our mind so they would make sense
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law of proximity
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we put together things that are close together
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law of similarity
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we put things together that are alike
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law of common fate
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if a child has a ball, and rolls it, then whatever rolls is now a ball
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learning
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a process that leads the permanent or petential change based on experience
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associationism
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come together in time and space
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adaptive hedonism
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pleasure pain principle
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behavioralists
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the people who studied learning, goal to predict future behavior
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pavlov
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dog and food, teaching to get unconditioned response
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unconditioned stimulus
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food, the object in the beginning, but not in the end
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conditioned response
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ringing a bell, connecting to object
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unconditioned response
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drooling of dog, response to unconditioned stimulus
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elicited
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provoke
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classical conditioning
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dog example, based on associationism
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extinction
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when the dog unlearns the habit of salivating for the bell
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spontaneous recovery
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a stronger association, testing once more for the unconditioned response
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instrumental conditioning
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learning based on consequence
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skinner
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rats
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thorndike
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cats
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law of effect
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behavior is controlled by consequences, and is a choice
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disciminate stimulus
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something tells you its available ex: smoking
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stimulus reinforcement
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consequences
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positive reinforcement
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something received after response that increases liklihood that you'll do it again ex: don't smoke and you get a cookie
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punishment reinforcement
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response that decreases possibility of behavior
ex: smoke and you'll get detention |
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negative reinforcement
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increased liklihood of behavior
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fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
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not changing bahavior
ex: get paid for # of t-shirts |
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varied ratio
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slot machine- could be next pull to make it big
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fixed interval
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salary - get paid once a month
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varied interval
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not based on behavior, based on time- extra credit
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when learning doesn't happen
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expection of reinforcement
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species specific behavior
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racoons putting nickels in bank
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observation learning
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ex: looking up at sky when others do
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learned helplessness
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giving up
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seligman
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dog experiment jumping out of walls
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battered wife syndrome
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fear in mind makes if so one can't go
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3 aspects of consciousness awareness
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limits sensory info, divides objects into space and time, draw on history
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common reality
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shouldn't give consensual evaluation ex: monster under bed
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anoetic consciousness
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knowledge based on situation, aka, how to do something
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noetic consciousness
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general knowledge ex: math symbols
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autonoetic
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self knowledge ex: teacher you had in kindegarten
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consious
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fully alert
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non concious
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fully aler byt you don't know
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sub conscious
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there, but you need a hint
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unconsious
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there, but you can't get it
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attention
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focused, central nervous system ready to respond
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automacity
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automaticalle do something, like putting the sugar in the freezer or the keys in the trash
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mindlessness
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just "because"
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delta sleep
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deep sleep
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rem
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rapid eye movement and dreaming
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corpus callosum
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consiousness part of the brain
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alternate states
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daydreaming, life after death, hallucinations, hypnosis, stimulants, depressants
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DAS
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dissociation mental illness
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dependents for fffect of drug
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type, method, amount
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memory
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mental capacity to store and later recall or recognize previous events
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recollection of memory
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harder ex: definitions
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recognition of memory
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easier
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cognition
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studied memory , discovered minds are like PC's
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3 step process to memory
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encoding, storage, retrieval
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sensory memory
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1-2 seconds, encoding takes place
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icon
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visual
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echo
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auditory
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short-term memory
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1-20 seconds, conveyor belt
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long-term memory
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maybe forever, filing system
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encoding
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mnemonics, acronyms and rhymes to learn
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state dependency
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same place for memory retrieval
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