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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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Behavioral Neuroscience
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a subfield of psych that examines how the brain and nervous system, as well as other biological mental processes determine behavior
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Cognitive Neuroscience
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a field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity
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Wilhem Wundt
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-established psychology lab at the university in Germany in 1879
-his perspective became known as structuralism focused on uncovering the fundamentals of perception, consciousness, thinking, etc |
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B.F. Skinner
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-concepts such as mind, conciousness, and feelings were neither objective or mearsureable
- argued that behavior can be explained by analyzing antecedents consequences that follow |
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Psychology
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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Behavioral Neuroscience
|
a subfield of psych that examines how the brain and nervous system, as well as other biological mental processes determine behavior
|
|
|
Cognitive Neuroscience
|
a field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity
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Wilhem Wundt
|
-established psychology lab at the university in Germany in 1879
-his perspective became known as structuralism focused on uncovering the fundamentals of perception, consciousness, thinking, etc |
|
|
B.F. Skinner
|
-concepts such as mind, conciousness, and feelings were neither objective or mearsureable
- argued that behavior can be explained by analyzing antecedents consequences that follow |
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Psychology
|
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
|
|
|
Behavioral Neuroscience
|
a subfield of psych that examines how the brain and nervous system, as well as other biological mental processes determine behavior
|
|
|
Cognitive Neuroscience
|
a field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity
|
|
|
Wilhem Wundt
|
-established psychology lab at the university in Germany in 1879
-his perspective became known as structuralism focused on uncovering the fundamentals of perception, consciousness, thinking, etc |
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B.F. Skinner
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-concepts such as mind, conciousness, and feelings were neither objective or mearsureable
- argued that behavior can be explained by analyzing antecedents consequences that follow |
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Humanistic Psychology
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-focuses on the uniquness of the human beings and their capacity for choice, growth, and psychological health
-rejects the behaviorist view which is that behavior is determined by environmental factors - rejects the pessimistic view of the psychoanalytic approach that human behavior is determined basically unconscious forces |
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Cognitive Psychology
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-studies mental processes such as, memory, problem solving, decision making, perception, language
-often used an information processing approach |
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Information Processing Theory
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-an approach to the study of memory and problem solving that uses the computer as a model for human thinking
- the brain inputs information rather than just responding to it |
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Clinical Psychologists
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specialize in the diagnosis and the treatment of mental and behavioral disorders
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Cognitive Psychologists
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studies mental processes such as decision making, thinking, perception etc
often uses the info processing |
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Health Psychologists
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studies the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
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Experimental Psychologists
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specialize in the use of experimental research methods
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Developmental Psychologists
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study how people grow, develop, and change throughout life span
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Personality Psychologists
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study of the consistency of people behavior and the traits that differentiate one person from another
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School Psychologists
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council children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic and emotional problems
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Counseling Psychologists
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foucs on primarily on educational, social, career adjustment problems
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Industrial/Organizational Psychologist
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study behavior in work settings
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Social Psychologists
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subfield of psych that studies the causes and consequinces of interpersonal behavior
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Cultural Psychologists
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Studies how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of thier members
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Scientific Method
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systematic procedures researchers follow as the identify a research problem
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Theory
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A general principle or set of principles proposed to explain the number of separate facts are related
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Population
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the entire group that is of interest of researchers and to wish they choose to generalize their findings; the group from which a sample is selected
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Sample
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the portion of any population that is selected for study and from which generalizations are made about the larger population
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Random Sample (golden standard)
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a sample selected where everyone in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample
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Naturalistic Observation
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researcher observes and records behavior in its natural settings without attempting to controlling it
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Lab Observation
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behavior studied in lab setting,where researches exert more control and take more precise measurements
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Case Study
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an in depth study of on or few individuals consisting of information gathered through observation, interview, perhaps psychological testing
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Survey
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a method in which researchers use interviewers and or questionnaires to gather information about the attitudes, beliefs, experiences, or behaviors of a group of people
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Correlation Method
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-research method used to establish the degree of relationship between two characteristics, events or behaviors
-used when it is impossible to manipulate variables of interests -done more quickly and cheaperq |
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Correlation Coefficient
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a numerical value that indicates the strength and the direction of the relationships between two variables
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Experimental Method
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-randomly assign participants to a control group or an experimental group
-control all conditions other than one or more independent variables, which are then manipulated |
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Hypothesis
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a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables
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Operational Definition
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the translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed
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Variable
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Any condition or factor that can be manipulated, controlled or measured
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Treatment
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the manipulation implimented by the experimenter
sometimes referred to as IV |
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Experimental Group
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any group participating in an experiment that receives treatment
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Control Group
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a group participating in the experiment that doesn't receive treatment
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Independent Variable
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the factor that the researcher manipulates in order to determine its effects on other variables
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Dependent Variable
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variable that is measured at the end of an experiment and is presumed to a vary as a result of manipulations of the independent variable
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Cofounding Variables
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any factors or conditions other than the independent that could cause changes in the dependent variable
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Selection Bias
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assignment of participants to experimental or control groups in such a way that significant differences among the groups are present at the beginning of the experiment
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Random Assignment
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assignment of participants to experimental and control groups by using a chance procedure
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Placebo Effect
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when a person response to an treatment in an experiment is due to expectations regarding the treatment rather than just the treatment itself
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Placebo
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inherent substance such as a sugar pill or injection of saline solution, given to the control group (equalizes probability of placebo effect across the control groups)
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Experimenter Bias
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pheneomenon that occurs when features of the researcher directly influence the participants behavior and or the interpretation of experimental results
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Double Blind Technique
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neither the participants nor the experimenter knows experimental or control groups until after the results have been gathered
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Limitations
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the more control a researcher exercises over the setting, the more unnatural and contrived the research setting becomes
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Neurons
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specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system and contain three major parts
-cell body -dendrites -axon |
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Cell body
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-cell body(soma)- contains the nucleus and and carries our metabolic functions of a neuron
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Dendrites
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primary receivers of signals from other neurons
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Axon
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transmits signals to the dendrites or cell body of other neurons and to the muscles, glands and other parts of the body
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Gila Cells
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specialized cells in the brain and the spinal cord
-hold the neurons together -remove waste products -handle other manufacturing and,nourishing, and clean up tasks |
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Synapse
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junction where the axon terminal of a sending (preynaptic) neurons communicates with receiving (postynapstic) neurons across the synaptic cleft
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Synapitic Cleft
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small fluid filled gaps between axon terminals and receiving neurons
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Permeability
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-capability of being penetrated or passed through
-cell membrane changes its permeabilty in a way that makes it easier for molecules to pass through it and into the cell |
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Resting potential
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the slight negative electrical potential of the axon membrane of a neuron at rest, about 270 millivolts
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