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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intelligence Test
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a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
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Factor Analysis
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a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score
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Autism
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a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other's states of mind
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Down Syndrome
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a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
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Savant Syndrome
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a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
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Emotional Intelligence
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the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
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Mental Age
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a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance (ex. a child who does as well as the average 8 year old is said to have a mental age of 8)
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Chronological Age
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the actual age of someone
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Achievement Tests
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a test designed to assess what a person has learned
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Aptitude Tests
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a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
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Normal Curve
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the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes; most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes
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Reliability
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the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting
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Validity
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the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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Content Validity
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the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
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Predictive Validity
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the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
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Standardization
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defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
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Motivation
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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Instinct
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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
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Drive-reduction Theory
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the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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Homeostasis
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a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
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Maslow's Hierarchy (6 Parts)
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Physiological Needs -- Safety Needs -- Belongingness and Love Needs -- Esteem Needs -- Self-actualization Needs -- Self-transcendence Needs
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Verbal Ability (Male vs. Female)
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girls acquire language earlier and read sooner
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Visual and Spatial Ability (Male vs. Female)
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boys tend to do better (ex. Piaget's Mountain Task)
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Mathematical Ability (Male vs. Female)
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girls are better in primary grades and boys are better in adolescence
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Contributions to Homosexual Orientation (2 parts)
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-homosexuality is not related to parenting behaviors or childhood abuse
-differences begin to appear at birth so it could be genetic or it could be caused by exposure to hormones or antigens in the womb |
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Fraternal Birth Order Effect
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males born after a brother increases their likelihood of being gay (2% first sons, 3% second sons...)
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Two-factor Theory of Emotion
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to experience emotion one must be
1. physically aroused 2. cognitively label the arousal |
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James-Lange Theory of Emotion
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the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
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Catharsis
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emotional release; in psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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when a crisis hits it directs adrenal glands to release the stress hormone epinephrine
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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when a crisis has passed it calms the body
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Creativity
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the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
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